CHUYÊN ĐỀ 21 ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS
A. LÍ THUYẾT
Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo
ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu, được dùng để nhấn
mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu.
Các dạng đảo ngữ:
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STT |
Các
dạng đảo ngữ |
Công
thức |
Ví
dụ |
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1 |
Các cụm từ có NO |
No/Not
+ N + Trợ động từ + S + Động
từ |
Not
a tear did she shed when the
story ended in a tragedy. |
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At no time = Never = Under/In no
circumstances (không bao giờ) |
At
no time did he suspect that
his girlfriend was an enemy spy. |
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By
no means (hoàn toàn không) |
By
no means is she poor. She
only pretends to be. |
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For
no reason (không vì lí do gì) |
For
no reason will we surrender. |
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In
no way |
(không sao có thể) |
In
no way could ridiculous
story. |
I |
believe |
in |
a |
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On
no condition = On no account + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ (dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không) |
On
no account should you be
late for the exam. |
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No
longer (không còn nữa) |
No
longer does he make
mistakes. |
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No where + Trợ động từ + S + Động từ (không nơi nào, không ở đâu) |
No
where can the keys be found. |
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2 |
Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định |
Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly,
Scarcely, Barely,... |
Little
did he know the truth. Never
in my life have I been in
such an embarrassing situation. |
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3 |
Đảo ngữ với ONLY |
Only
after + S + V + Trợ động từ
+ S + V (chỉ sau khi) |
Only
after I had left home did I realize how important my family played a
role in my life. |
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Only
after + N + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ sau khi) |
Only
after his father's
retirement did he take over the company. |
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Only
by + V-ing + Trợ động từ + S
+ V (chỉ bằng cách) |
Only
by studying hard can you
pass the exam. |
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Only
if + S + V + Trợ động từ + S
+ V (chỉ nếu) |
Only
if you promise to keep
secret will I tell you about it. |
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Only when + S + V + Trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ khi) |
Only when you grow up can you understand this matter. |
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Only with + N + trợ động từ + S + V (chỉ với) |
Only with your help can we manage. |
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Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only
then + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ
+ Động từ |
Only once have I met her. Only later did I realize I was wrong. |
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4 |
Hardly No sooner |
Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S + Vp2 + when + S + V (quá khứ đơn) = No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S +
V (quá khứ đơn) (Ngay khi/vừa mới...
thì) |
Hardly had I gone to bed when the telephone rang. = No sooner had I gone to bed than the telephone rang. |
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5 |
Not only … but also |
Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ (không những... mà còn) |
Not only does she sing beautifully but also she learns well. |
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6 |
So/Such ... that |
So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + clause Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + such + that + clause (quá... đến nỗi mà) |
So beautiful is she that many boys run after her. Her anger was such
that she broke the vase. = Such was her anger that she broke the
vase. |
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7 |
Not until/ Not till |
Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ +
Động từ (mãi đến khi) |
Not until/till midnight did he come home. Not until/till I was 8 did I know how to ride a bike. |
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8 |
Neither |
Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ |
Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town. |
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9 |
Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện |
Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S+V, V + O
/S + will, can... + V |
Should he come, please tell him to see me. |
|
Câu điêu kiện loại 2: Were + S + (to V) +
..., S + would/could + V |
Were I you, I would apply for that job. Were I to have enough money, I
would buy that car. |
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Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + Vp2, S +
would/could + have + Vp2 |
Had the car in the front not stopped so suddenly, the accidents wouldn't
have happened. |
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10 |
Although |
Although/even
though/though + S + V, S +V = Much as + S + V, S + V = No matter what + S
+ V, S + V hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V |
Although the
exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it. = Much as the exercise is difficult, the
boys can solve it. = No matter how difficult the exercise |
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= However + adj/adv
+ S + V = Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S + V |
is, the boys can
solve it. = However difficult the exercise is,
the boys can solve it. = Difficult as the exercise is, the boys can
solve it. |
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11 |
NOR |
Nor + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ |
He doesn't smoke,
nor does he drink. |
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12 |
Đảo ngữ có SO/
NEITHER |
So/Neither + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ |
I can't sing well,
neither can my sister. He loves football, so do I. |
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13 |
Đảo ngữ với các trạng
từ chỉ phương hướng/ nơi chốn |
Adv of place + V + S |
Near my house is a bus stop. |
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14 |
Đảo ngữ với cụm phân từ |
Cụm phân từ (V-ing/Vp2) + V + S |
Situated in the central mountains of Alaska is a peak named Denali. Coming first in the race was my sister. |
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Viết lại câu sử dụng hình thức đảo
ngữ
1. There is a temple on the top of the hill.
On
the..........................................................................................................................................................
2. The flies are on the book.
On the
book.................................................................................................................................................
3. Lombard Street is found in San Francisco.
Found
...........................................................................................................................................................
4. A man with a gun stood in the doorway.
In the doorway
.............................................................................................................................................
5. Although she is young, she knows a great deal.
Young as
.....................................................................................................................................................
6. Although he studies hard, he makes little progress.
Hard as
........................................................................................................................................................
7. If you were a fish, the cat would eat you.
Were............................................................................................................................................................
8. If your father had known this, he would have
given you advice.
Had...............................................................................................................................................................
9. If you should need my help, phone me at once.
Should
.........................................................................................................................................................
10. I've never been more insulted.
Never...........................................................................................................................................................
11. He seldom sees anything strange.
Seldom
........................................................................................................................................................
12. She rarely saw him looking so miserable.
Rarely..........................................................................................................................................................
13. The man can hardly walk without a stick.
Hardly
.........................................................................................................................................................
14. She scarcely phones us after 9.00 p.m.
Scarcely.......................................................................................................................................................
15. He not only studies well, but also he sings perfectly.
Not only
......................................................................................................................................................
16. She is not only rich, but she is also beautiful.
Not only
......................................................................................................................................................
17. He didn't say a word.
Not
..............................................................................................................................................................
18. He didn't give me a penny.
No................................................................................................................................................................
19. They little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
Little............................................................................................................................................................
20. I can't find my passport anywhere.
Nowhere......................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 2: Viết lại câu sử dụng hình thức đảo ngữ
1. He by no means intends to criticize your idea.
By no
means................................................................................................................................................
2. I never suspect you.
At no time
...................................................................................................................................................
3. I could in no way agree with you.
In no way
....................................................................................................................................................
4. Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner
....................................................................................................................................................
5. I didn't wake up until 8 am today.
Not until
......................................................................................................................................................
6. I didn't know him until I started to study English.
Not until
......................................................................................................................................................
7. He called me only when he needed help.
Only
when...................................................................................................................................................
8. He neither has called on her nor will do so.
Neither
........................................................................................................................................................
9. You shouldn't go out late under any circumstances.
Under no
circumstances..............................................................................................................................
10.
This
switch must be touched on no account.
On no account
.............................................................................................................................................
11.
I
understood the problem only then.
Only
then.....................................................................................................................................................
12.
We will be
able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.
Only by
.......................................................................................................................................................
13.
I didn't
post it until later.
Only later
....................................................................................................................................................
14.
He came
home only at midnight.
Only at midnight
.........................................................................................................................................
15.
The doctor
was so angry that none of the nurses dared to utter.
Such
............................................................................................................................................................
16.
I can
forgive you only if you tell me the truth.
Only if
.........................................................................................................................................................
17.
I realized
that I'd seen the film before only after the film started.
Only after
....................................................................................................................................................
18.
You can
learn English well only in this way.
Only in this way
..........................................................................................................................................
19.
The film
was so moving that I couldn't help crying.
So moving
...................................................................................................................................................
20.
If I
learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
Were............................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Chọn phương án đúng
1. Not only to
determine the depth of the ocean floor, but it is also used to locate oil.
A. seismology is used B. using seismology C. is seismology used D.
to use seismology
2. advised on what and how to prepare for the interview, he might have got
the job.
A. Had he been B. If he had C. Unless he had been D. Were he to be
3. Not until 1856 across
the Mississippi River.
A. the first bridge was
built B. was the first bridge built
C. the first bridge
built D. did the first bridge build
4. Only when you grow up, the truth.
A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will
you know
5. Mozart was an accomplished compose while still a child.
A. Remarkable as it seems B. As it seems remarkable
C. No matter
remarkable it seems D. Remarkable
however it seem
6. Out for
a walk after she finished doing her homework.
A. did Mary go B. Mary went C.
Mary did go D. went Mary
7. she could not say anything.
A. So upset was she that B. So upset was she
C. However upset was she
that D. Therefore upset was
she that
8. with my previous job, I would have won a higher promotion and I in this unfortunate position now.
A. Unless I had stayed
/ am not B. If I stayed /
would not be
C. If had I stayed /
will not be D. Had I stayed / would not
be
9. Not only to
speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. she refused B. did she refuse C. she did refuse D.
when she refused
10.
an emergency arise, call 911.
A. Should B. If C. Will D. Were
11.
Nowhere in
the northern section of the United States for
growing citrus crops.
A. is there
suitability of the climate B. where
the climate is suitable
C. the climate is suitable D. is the climate suitable
12.
Only after
she had finished the course did she realize she a wrong choice.
A. had made B. has made C.
had been making D. was making
13.
Never him stand on the deserted station platform.
A. will I forget to see B. I will forget to see
C. will I forget seeing D. I will forget seeing
14.
The
instructor blew his whistle and
A. off the runners were
running B. off ran the runners
C. off were running the
runners D. the runners runs off
15.
Seldom far enough north to disturb
South Pacific shipping lanes.
A. Antarctic icebergs will
move B. will Antarctic
icebergs move
C. will move Antarctic
icebergs D. move Antarctic
icebergs will
16.
will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A. At any time B. At no time C.
At a time D. At one time
17.
He
listened so attentively that not a word
A. he had missed B. he missed C. he didn't miss D.
did he miss
18.
We spent
nearly 3 hours waiting outside the station, then out
A. the star came B. did the star come C. came the star D. be the star coming
19.
The
African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor
A. their honey could be
harvested B. harvested could
their honey be
C. could not their
honey be harvested D. could their honey be
harvested
20.
Down when he was passing under the tree.
A. an apple fall B. an apple fell C. did an apple fall D.
fell an apple
Exercise 4: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở các dạng đảo ngữ
1. Not only they (buy) the house but also the car last year.
2. You (come) early,
we'll start.
3. They (live) in
Australia now, they would go swimming.
4. Bob (not interfere) in his sister' marital problems, there wouldn't have been peace
between them.
5. Hardly the doctor (fall) asleep when the telephone (wake) him up.
6. Only by working hard he (manage) to pass the exam.
7. No sooner he (return) from his walk than he (get) down to writing the letter.
8. Only by (operate) immediately can you save your eyesight.
9. Only when they told me about it I (realize) what I had missed.
10.
Only after
a new pay offer the workers (call) off
the strike.
11.
Only later
the facts all (make) public.
12.
Not until
the bell rang he (finish) his
work.
13.
Rarely she
(travel) more than fifty
miles from her village.
14.
Never in
my life I (see) such a mess.
15.
Only if
everybody agreed I (accept) this
position.
DOWNLOAD FILE WORD Chuyên đề 21. ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS:
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1 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ
1. PHÁT ÂM -PRONUNCIATION |
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2 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2. TRỌNG
ÂM - STRESS |
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3 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3. THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ - VERB TENSE |
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4 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4. SỰ
PHỐI HỢP THÌ – THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES |
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5 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5. SỰ
HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS |
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6 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6. ĐỘNG
TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU - MODAL VERBS |
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7 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7. PHÁT
ÂM - PRONUNCIATION |
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8 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8. THỨC
GIẢ ĐỊNH - THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD |
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9 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9. DANH
ĐỘNG TỪ (GERUND) VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (INFINITIVE VERB) |
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10 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10.
CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI - TAG QUESTIONS |
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11 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11.
SO SÁNH - COMPARISON |
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12 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12.
TRẬT TỰ CỦA TÍNH TỪ - THE ORDERS OF THE ADJECTIVES |
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13 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13.
MẠO TỪ - ARTICLES |
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14 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14.
CẤU TẠO TỪ - WORD FORMS |
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15 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15. TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG - EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY |
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16 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ .16
GIỚI TỪ - PREPOSITIONS |
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17 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17.
LIÊN TỪ - CONJUNCTIONS |
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18 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18.
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG - PASSIVE VOICES |
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19 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ
19.CÂU ĐỀU KIỆN - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES |
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20 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20.PHÁT
ÂM - PRONUNCIATION |
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21 |
CHUYÊN DỀ 21.
ĐẢO NGỮ - INVERSIONS |
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22 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 22.MỆNH
ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES |
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23 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 23.THÀNH NGỮ - IDIOMS |
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24 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 24. CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH - COLLOCATIONS |
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25 |
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 25.
MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC THÔNG DỤNG |
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