Unit 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES -TỪ VỰNG NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12
A. VOCABULARY
• biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/
(n): đa dạng sinh học
• conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/
(n): sự bảo tồn
conservation status /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn ˈsteɪtəs/: tình trạng bảo tồn
• endangered species /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd
ˈspiːʃiːz/: chủng loài có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng
• evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ (n): sự
tiến hóa
• extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a): tuyệt
chủng
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng
• habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): môi
trường sống
• poach /pəʊtʃ/ (v): săn
trộm
• rhino / rhinoceros
/raɪˈnɒsərəs/ (n): hà mã
• sea turtle /siː ˈtɜːtl/ (n):
con rùa biển
• survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v): sống
sót
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n): sự sống sót
• trade /treɪd/ (n): mua
bán
• vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dễ
bị tổn thương, dễ gặp nguy hiểm
GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR
I. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)
1. Form (Cấu trúc)
|
Affirmative (Khẳng
định) |
Negative (Phủ định) |
Interrogative
(Nghi vấn) |
|
S + will + have + PP ... |
S + will + not + have + PP... |
Will + S + have + PP...? |
|
He
will have finished his homework before his mother comes home. |
He
won't have finished his homework before his mother comes home. |
Will he have finished his homework
before his mother comes home? |
2. Use (Cách dùng)
- Thì tương lai hoàn thành dùng
để diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước 1 thời điểm nào đó trong tương
lai (be finished by a
certain time in the future)
E.g:
We will have finished this house by
the end of this year.
(Chúng tôi sẽ hoàn thành ngôi nhà
này trước khi hết năm nay.)
Do you think you will have finished
the report by next Monday?
I will have done the housework before
you come here.
Lưu ý:
- By = not later than a particular
time
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc
thì hiện tại đơn được sử dụng để diễn tả sự hoàn tất của hành động sau một số
liên từ thời gian như: as soon as (ngay khi), after, before, when; không dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành trong trường hợp
này.
E.g: When I finish/ have finished my
homework, I will play soccer with you.
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Fill in the verbs
in brackets in Future Perfect.
1. When you arrive I _______ the job. (start)
2. They _______ dinner by the time we get there,
(have)
3. A few centuries from now wars, I hope, _______ a
thing of the past, (become)
4. "Different" species _______ by 2050,
scientists claim, (evolve)
5. You _______ a lot of your work by the end of this
month, (do)
6. By November all the leaves _______. (fall)
7. If he doesn't hurry, they _______ before he
comes, (leave)
8. I am sure that tomorrow you _______ all these
rules, (forget)
9. Be quick! The child _______ before you rescue it. (drown)
10. She _______ old before she learns the use of
prepositions, (grow)
11. The
airman _______ more than a thousand miles, before the end of this month, (fly)
12. If you ring me up after nine o'clock, I _______
to the doctor, (speak)
13. We _______ twenty miles more before we cross the
frontier, (travel)
14. Next year we _______ together for ten years,
(be)
15. lam sure they _______ the new road before April,
(complete)
Bài 2: Choose the best
answer in brackets.
1. Don't worry. By the time you arrive I _______ up
the whole house, (will tidy/ will have tidied)
2. By this time next year I hope that I _______ a
good job. (will find/ will have found)
3. Do you you know that Sarah _______ on holiday
next month? (will have gone/ will go)
4. The atmosphere in the city is amazing. I think I
_______ for Christmas, (will have stayed/ will stay)
5. You want to spend ten years in Europe. By that
time you _______ every major city then. (will have visited/will visit)
6. There _______ some changes when the new management
takes over, (will be/ will have been)
7. By the time the new policy comes into effect I'm
sure there _______ some changes made, (will have been/ will be)
8. I think that before I graduate I _______ a few
exams, (will have taken/will take)
II. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES (SO SÁNH KÉP)
So sánh kép diễn tả mối tương quan nguyên nhân - hệ quả: nửa đầu thể hiện
nguyên nhân, nửa sau thể hiện kết quả.
1. Tính từ/ Trạng từ
Form: The + comparative adj/ adv
+ S + V, the + comparative adj/ adv + S + V
E.g:
The harder you are, the better your results are. (Bạn càng chăm chỉ thì kết quả càng tốt)
The more she eats, the fatter she becomes. (Cô ta ăn càng nhiều thì càng béo.)
2. Danh từ
Form: The more/ less + (N) + S + V, the more/ less + (N) S + V
E.g:
The more you give, the more you will
receive. (Bạn càng
cho đi thì bạn sẽ càng nhận được nhiều.)
The more money she makes, the less free time she has.
(Cô ấy càng kiếm được nhiều tiền thì càng có ít thời
gian rảnh.)
Note: Không dùng thì tiếp diễn trong so
sánh kép.
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 3: Complete
the sentences with the words from the box.
|
colder |
more |
longer |
sooner |
faster |
harder |
1. The _______ you worry about it, the less you'll
sleep.
2. The _______ you work, the more mistakes you'll
make.
3. The _______ we start, the sooner we'll finish.
4. The _______ you work, the more chance you have of
promotion.
5. The _______ it is, the harder it is to get out of
bed in the morning.
6. The _______ you stay, the harder it will be to
leave.
Bài 4: Choose the best
answer.
1. _______, the
more serious the problems become.
A.
The less it is rain B. The more raining it is C. The more it rains
2. The older he gets, _______ friends he has.
A. the less B. the more C. the fewer
3. The more you pay, _______ the quality is.
A. the better B. the more good C.
the better
4. _______ mistakes you
make, the better your mark is.
A. The more B. The fewer C.
The less
5. The more I work, _______ time I spend with my family.
A. the fewer B. the less C. the more
6. _______ (Have you been reading /Have you
read) any of Alan Bennett's work?
A. the worse B. the more C. the fewer
7. _______
candidates there were, the more difficult the exam was.
A. The less B. The fewer C.
The more
8. _______ you
drive, the more petrol the car uses.
A. The less B. The faster C.
The more fast
9. _______ she
got, the nicer her children became to her.
A. The more old B. The more older C. The older
10. _______ I waited, the
more furious I got.
A. The longer B. The fewer C.
The better
Bài 5: Fill in the blanks
with the correct form of the words below.
|
better |
less |
|
loud |
happy |
|
hot |
merry |
|
probable |
late |
|
better |
safe |
|
more |
fast |
|
rich |
more |
|
big |
hard |
1. The _______ you
study for these exams, the _______ you will do.
2. My neighbour is
driving me mad! It seems that the _______ it is at night, the _______ she plays
her music!
3. He spent a year
in Hue City and loves spicy food. The _______ the food is, the _______ he likes
it.
5. Of course you
can come to the party. The _______ the _______.
6. She will be
really angry about that vase being broken! The _______ she knows about it, the
_______.
7. He has four
large dogs to protect his house. The _______ the dog, the _______ he feels.
8. Earning money
has always been the thing that pleases him most. The _______ he becomes, the
_______ he is.
9. You must drive
slower in built up areas. The _______ you drive in the city, the _______ it is
that you will have an accident.
Bài 6: Rewrite the
sentences using double comparatives.
1. The food I like
best is spicy food.
_______ the food is,
_______ Hike it.
2. I like the
lessons more if there are few students.
_______ students there
are, _______ I like the lessons.
3. If I read a lot,
I learn a lot.
_______ I read,
_______.
4. If I speak well,
I’ll have more opportunities.
_______ I speak,
_______ opportunities I'll have.
5. If I walk for a
long time, I can get further.
_______ I walk,
_______ I can get.
6. Older people
become wiser.
_______ people are,
_______.
7. If you save more
money, you can buy a new car soon.
_______ you save,
_______ you can buy a car.
8. If you give a
lot you will receive more.
_______, _______ you
will receive.
9. If I work a lot,
I have little time.
_______ I work,
_______ I have.
10. If there's a
lot of unemployment, the situation gets worse.
_______ there is,
_______ gets.
Bài 7: Use double
comparatives to complete the following sentences.
1. It is hot. I
feel miserable.
The _____________________
2. He is old. He is
bad-temper.
The _____________________
3. She worked hard,
so she felt very bad.
The _____________________
4. As this road
gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous.
The
_____________________
5. When you get
near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high.
The
_____________________
6. If you make much
money, you spend much.
The _____________________
7. If you work
hard, you will get good results.
The _____________________
8. You learn with
him much. You will know him well.
The _____________________
9. They use much
wood pulp, so they cut many trees.
The _____________________
10. She eats a lot,
so she becomes fat.
The _____________________
■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 8: Choose the
underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences.
1. Efforts are
(A) done in the hope (B) of preserving all (C) species and maintaining (D) the ecological balance.
2. Sea (A) turtles have lived in the (B) world's oceans (C) for more than 100 (D) millions years.
3. Many animal
(A) species are becoming (B) endangered or even (C) extinction due to (D) habitat destruction.
4. Many
nations (A) protect
endangered species (B) by
forbidding hunting, (C) to
restrict land development (D) and
creating preserves.
5. Over forty (A) percents of the(B) world's species are (C) estimated to be at (D) risk of extinction.
Bài 9: Put the verbs into
the correct form (future perfect or future continuous).
1. _______ (you / retire) by the
time you're 60?
2. This time next year, I_______ (study)
Maths at university.
3. Hurry up! The film_______ (start) soon.
4. There won't be anyone in the
office. Everyone_______ (go)
home.
5. Susan_______ (not
work) at 8 o'clock next week. She'll be on holiday!
6. I'm only halfway through my
homework. I_______ (not
finish) it before the teacher arrives.
7. Do
you think that Mike_______ (fix)
the car by tomorrow?
8. Don't phone me before 8 o'clock,
we_______ (have)
dinner.
Bài 10: Put the verbs
into the correct form (future perfect or future simple).
1.
Nam: Do you think everything will
be finished when I get back from the office?
Hoa: Don't worry. By the time you
get back, I (pick) _______ up the living room and (finish) _______ washing the
dishes. Everything will be OK when your parents arrive.
Nam: I hope so. They (arrive)
_______ around 6 o'clock.
2.
Huy: I just have two courses
before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate)
_______, and I will already be looking for a job.
Hung: Does that scare you? Are
you worried about the future?
Huy: Not really. I am going to a
career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job.
Hung: That's a good idea.
Huy: I am also going to do an
internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) _______ business
courses, but I (work, also) _______ in the real world.
3.
Mai: How long have you been in Ha
Long Bay?
Lan: I have only been here for a
couple of weeks.
Mai: How long do you plan on
staying?
Lan: I love Ha Long Bay, so I am
going to stay here for an extended period of time. When Igo back home, I (be)
_______ here for more than one month.
Mai: Wow, that's quite a
vacation! You (see, definitely) _______ just about everything there is to see
in Ha Long by then.
4.
Susan: I can't believe how late
we are! By the time we get here to have dinner, everyone (finish, already)
_______ eating.
Tim: It's your own fault. You
took way too long in the bathroom.
Susan: I couldn't get my hair to
look right.
Tim: Who cares? By the time we
get there, everyone (left) _______. Nobody (see, even) _______ your hair.
Bài 11: Complete the sentences with suitable words.
1. Bill's tablet is very similar to his son's tablet.
Bill's tablet is nearly the same _______ his son's tablet.
2. A smartphone is Sarah's favourite possession.
Sarah likes her smartphone more _______ any of her other
possessions.
3. Gmail accounts are generally better than other email services.
Other email services are generally not as _______ gmail
accounts.
4. The Italian restaurant is cheaper than the Greek restaurant.
I The Italian restaurant costs _______ than the Greek
restaurant.
5. He prefers playing soccer to playing rugby.
He likes playing soccer _______ playing rugby.
6. No other cathedral is as old as Chartre in France.
Chartre is _______ any other cathedral in France.
7. I like working with other people more than on my own.
I _______ working with other people to working on my own.
8. She found English easier to learn than she had expected.
It wasn't _______ to learn English as she had expected.
9. Skiing is not as interesting as skateboarding.
Skiing is _______ interesting than skateboarding.
10. Table tennis is Nick's favourite sport.
Nick likes table tennis _______ any other sport.
KEY BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Fill in the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect.
|
1. will have started |
6. will have fallen |
11. will have flown |
|
2. will have had |
7. will have left |
12. will have spoken |
|
3. will have become |
8. will have forgotten |
13. will have travelled |
|
4. will have evolved |
9. will have drowned |
14. will have been |
|
5. will have done |
10. will have grown |
15. will have completed |
Bài 2: Choose the best answer in brackets.
|
1. will have tidied |
5. will have visited |
|
2. will have found |
6. will be |
|
3. will go |
7. will have been |
|
4. will stay |
8. will have taken |
Bài 3: Complete the
sentences with the words from the box.
|
1. more |
6. harder |
|
2. faster |
7. colder |
|
3. sooner |
8. longer |
Bài 4: Choose the best answer.
|
1. C. The more it rains |
6. B. the more |
|
2. C. the fewer |
7. C. The more |
|
3. A. the better |
8. B. The faster |
|
4. B. The fewer |
9. C. The older |
|
5. B. the less |
10. A. The longer |
Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words below.
1. harder-better
3. later- louder
4. hotter- more
5. more -merrier
6. less- better
7. bigger- safer
8. richer- happier
9. faster- more probable
Bài 6: Rewrite the sentences using double comparatives.
1. The spicier... the more
2. The fewer... the more
3. The more... the more I learn
4. The better... the more
5. The longer... the further
6. The older... the wiser they become
7. The more money... the sooner
8. The more you give... the more
9. The more... the less time
10. The more unemployment... the worse
the situation
Bài 7: Use double comparatives to complete the following sentences.
1. The hotter it is, the more
miserable I feel.
2. The older he got, the more
bad-temper he became.
3. The harder she worked, the worse
she felt.
4. The busier this road gets, the more
dangerous it becomes.
5. The nearer you get to the equator,
the higher the temperature becomes.
6. The more money you make, the more
you spend.
7. The harder you work, the better
results you will get.
8. The more I learn with him, the
better you will know him.
9. The more wood pulp they use, the
more trees they cut.
10. The more she eats, the fatter she
becomes.
Bài 8: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following sentences.
1. A (done 
made)
- make efforts: nỗ lực
2. D (millions million)
3. C (extinction extinct)
4. C (to restrict restricting)
5. A (percents percent)
Bài 9: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future
continuous).
|
1. Will you have retired |
5. won't be working |
|
2. will be studying |
6. won't have finished |
|
3. will be starting |
7. will have fixed |
|
4. will have gone |
8. will be having |
Bài 10: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future
simple).
1. will
have picked - will have finished - will arrive
2. will
have graduated- will not only have completed- will also have worked
3. will
have been- will definitely have seen
4. will
have already finished - will have left - will even see
Bài 11: Complete the
sentences with suitable words.
|
1. as |
6. older than |
|
2. than |
7. prefer |
|
3. good as |
8. as difficult |
|
4. less |
9. less |
|
5. more than |
10. more than |
