Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY -TỪ VỰNG NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12

Tâm

Nov 6, 2021

Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY

A. VOCABULARY

• assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa

• assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự đồng hóa

• attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): quần áo, trang phục

• blind man's bluff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê

• cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa

• cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/: các hoạt động văn hóa, tập quán văn hóa

• custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n): phong tục, tập quán

• diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): tính đa dạng

• flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến

• maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì

• martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/ (n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ

• multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (a): đa văn hóa

• national custome /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc

• national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc

• solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết

• unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v): thống nhất

• unique /juˈniːk/ (a): độc lập, duy nhất, chỉ có 1

• unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v): đoàn kết

• worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ (v): tôn kính, thờ cúng

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN

- Dùng để chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có thể -vẫn còn tiếp diễn trong tương lai. Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để nói về sự việc đã kết thúc nhưng chúng ta vẫn còn thấy ảnh hưởng.

Câu khẳng định

Câu phủ định

Câu nghi vấn

S+ have/has + been + Ving

CHÚ Ý:

- S = I/ We/ You/ They + have

- S = He She It + has

Ví dụ:

- It has been raining for 1 week. (Trời mua 1 tuần rồi.)

- She has been living here for one year. (Cô ấy sống ở đây được một năm rồi.)

S + haven't/hasn't been + Ving

CHÚ Ý:

- haven't = have not

- hasn't = has not

Ví dụ:

- I haven't been studying English for 5 years. (Tôi không học tiếng Anh được 5 năm rồi.)

- She hasn't been watching films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm ngoái.)

Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?

CHÚ Ý:

- Yes, I we you/ they + have.

- Yes, he/she/it + has.

Vi dụ:

- Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2 hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải không?) - Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.

- Has he been typing the report since this morning? (Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?) - - Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.

• Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

Cách dùng

Ví dụ

Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục)

She has been waiting for you all day (Cô nàng đã đợi cậu cả ngày rồi).

She has been working here since 2010. (Cô ấy làm việc ở đây từ năm 2010).

Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, nhưng chúng ta quan tâm tới kết quả tới hiện tại.

It has been raining (Trời vừa mưa xong).

I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours. (Bây giờ tôi rất mệt vì tôi đã làm việc vất vả trong 12 tiếng đồng hồ).

2. PHÂN BIỆT HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH và HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN

Dạng thức, chức năng và cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Hiện tại hoàn thành	Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một hành động Ex: I have read this book three times.	1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động hành động Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime.
2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: - I have studied English since I was 6 years old. - He has played squash for 4 years. - I have been to London twice. - I have never seen her before. - She has just finished her project. - She has already had breakfast. - He has not met her recently.	2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: - I have been running all the afternoon. - She has been hoping to meet him all day long. - I am so tired. I have been searching for a new apartment all the morning. - How long have you been playing the piano? - She has been teaching here for about 12 years.
3. Signal Words: ever, never, just, already, recently, since, for	3. Signal Words: all the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, since, for, how long...

3. SO SÁNH KÉP

a. Lũy tiến: càng ngày càng...

• Short Adj/ Adv

S + be/ V + adj/ ady - er and adj/ adv - er

Ex: The climate is getting hotter and hotter.

• Long Adj/ Adv

S + be/ V + more and more + adj/ adv

Ex: The environment is more and more polluted.

b. Đồng tiến: càng ... càng...

• Short Adj/ Adv

The adj/ adv – er + S₁+ V₁, the adj, adv – er + S₂ + V₂

Ex: The older he is, the weaker he becomes.

• Long Adj/ Adv

The more adj/ adv + S₁+ V_1,the more adj/ adv + S₂ + V₂

Ex: The more luxurious the car is, the more expensive it becomes.

c. Càng càng với danh từ.

The more + N + S₁ + V₁, the more + N + S₂ + V₂

Ex: The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.

d. Càng càng với động từ.

The more + N + S₁ + V₁, the more + N + S₂ + V₂

Ex: The more he works, the more he earns.

Note: Vế 2 là 1 trong 3 công thức của vế 1 cho phù hợp.

Ex: 1. The hotter it is, the more tired we feel.

2. The more we study, the more intelligent we are.

3. The more rice we export, the richer our country.

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present perfect continuous.

1. I_______('vé been cycling /'ve you cycled) and my legs are really tired now.

2. I'm sorry I'm late, _______(have you waited /have you been waiting) for a long time?

3. How long_______ (have you known/ have you been knowing) Peter?

4. Somebody_______ (has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are none left.

5. Somebody_______ (has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are very few left.

6. How many books_______ (has she written/ has she been writing)?

7. She must be tired. She_______(has written/ has been writing) all afternoon.

8. I_______ ('ve been reading/ 've read) all afternoon? I_______ ('ve been reading/'ve read) 5 chapters.

9. I think I_______('ve been liking/ 've liked) chocolate since I was born.

10. They_______(have been travelling/ have travelled) for months, and they_______(have been visiting /have visited) three countries so far.

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives.

1. He gets_______(boring).

2. This book is getting_______(interesting).

3. My daughter's English results are getting_______(bad).

4. Sally arrives_______(late) at work.

5. The weather is getting_______(beautiful).

6. Your room is getting_______(messy).

7. Milk is getting_______(expensive).

8. I think films are getting_______(violent).

9. It's getting_______(difficult) to see him.

10. He is getting_______(busy) at the moment.

11. I saw him yesterday. He feels_______(good).

Bài 3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. Choose the best answer.

1. He gets (+ boring) _______

2. This book is getting (- interesting) _______.

3. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad) _______

4. This book is getting (- interesting) _______.

5. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad) _______

6. Your room is getting (+ messy) _______

7. Milk is getting (+ expensive) _______

8. I saw him yesterday. He feels (+ good) _______

9. Computers are getting (- expensive) _______

10. There are (+ tourists) _______from Asia in Australia.

11. We have (- time) _______to relax and do nothing.

12. There are (- immigrants) _______from Europe.

13. In Australia, (- people) _______learn French at school.

14. It is getting (+ hard) _______to find a job nowadays.

15. There are (- koalas) _______in Australia.

16. It is getting (+ difficult) _______to find a job nowadays.

17. Handball is becoming (+ popular) _______.

18. (+ Australians) _______worry about ecology.

19. People live (+ far) _______from the capital city.

20. The Australian beaches are getting (+ clean) _______.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 4: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present perfect continuous.

1. Her eyes hurt because she_______ ('s been looking/'s looked) at that computer screen for hours.

2. I'm tired because I_______(haven't been having /haven't had) a holiday for ages.

3. It_______('s been snowing/ 's snowed) for hours. If it continues we won't be able to go to school tomorrow.

4. I hope Tom's alright. We_______(haven't been seeing /haven't seen) him recently.

5. The office is really busy. The phones_______(have been ringing/ have rung) all day.

6. _______(Have you been reading /Have you read) any of Alan Bennett's work?

7. They're tired now because they_______('ve been cycling /'ve cycled) thirty miles.

8. We_______('ve been waiting/'ve waited) for over half an hour and there's still no sign of the bus.

Bài 5: Complete the sentences below by putting the verb in brackets into the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

1. The company is huge. It (create) _______ a thousand new jobs since the beginning of last year.

2. We (produce) _______this product since the beginning of the year.

3. I (have) _______this car for twenty years and it's as reliable as ever.

4. I'm afraid the company is going bankrupt. It (have) _______big problems lately.

5. So, what (you/do) _______since I last saw you? What's new?

6. How many of these questions (you/manage) _______to get right so far?

7. I'm a bit worried about Mike. He (act) _______very strange of late.

8. He's an awful driver. He (have) _______four accidents in the last three months.

9. (you/send) _______us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as possible.

10. I (try) _______to repair the lock on our door for the last four hours without any success.

Bài 6: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives.

1. He gets_______(boring). I can't listen to him any longer.

2. I didn't like this book at first, but it's getting_______(interesting).

3. My daughter's English results are getting_______(bad).

4. The boss will be angry with you. You arrive_______(late) at work.

5. In spring the weather gets_______(warm).

6. It's time you tidied your room. It's getting (messy).

7. Food is getting_______(expensive).

8. I think TV programs are getting_______(violent).

9. I find it_______(difficult) to see him.

10. She's getting over her operation. She feels_______(good).

Bài 7: Complete the sentence by using the bolded adjective in its correct form.

1. This is a nice cat. It's much______ than my friend's cat.

2. Here is Sarah. She's six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is_______.

3. This is a difficult exercise. But that exercise is the_______exercise on the worksheet.

4. He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the_______one in the world.

5. In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even_______one last weekend.

6. School is boring, but homework is_______than school.

7. Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is_______than skateboarding.

8. This magazine is cheap, but that one is_______

9. We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even_______than ours.

10. Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the_______joke I've ever heard.

Bài 8: Choose the correct answer.

1. It's becoming_______ (harder and harder/more and more hard) to secure a good job nowadays.

2. My sister is probably_______(the more/the most) important person in my life.

3. We find that we have_______(far less/lesser) time to relax now that we have children.

4. Out of the two of them, she was_______(a bit/far and away) the better singer.

5. The (worse/worst) _______ thing by far about being unemployed is having no money.

6. Tom and Margot are_______(easily/easiest) the best students in my class.

7. My exam results are only_______ (marginally/ quite) worse than yours.

8. The slower you work, the_______ (longer /longest) the job will take you to finish.

Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences.

1. She plays better than I do.

I don't _______________________________

2. He plays football better than anyone in our team.

He is_______________________________

3. Men don't live as long as women.

Women_______________________________

4. You shouldn't drive so fast in this wet weather.

You should_______________________________

5. We had planned the meeting to end earlier.

The meeting ended_______________________________

6. David didn't enjoy the film as much as Ann.

Ann_______________________________

7. I like classical music better than pop.

I don’t_______________________________

8. The meal cost us far more than we thought it would.

We didn't think_______________________________

9. There are fewer rainy days in Ho Chi Minh City than in Hanoi.

There aren't_______________________________

10. I hadn't expected this exercise to be so difficult.

This exercise_______________________________

Bài 10: Choose the best answer.

1. English is now the international language, that's why_______ people speak English.