UNIT 5. INVENTIONS - TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 10
UNIT 5. INVENTIONS
(Những phát minh)
VOCABULARY
1. bulky /ˈbʌlki/ (a): to lớn, kềnh càng
2. collapse /kəˈlæps/ (v): xếp lại, cụp lại
3. earbud /ˈɪəbʌd/ (n): tai nghe
4. economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ (a): tiết kiệm, không lãng phí
5. fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ (n): vải, chất liệu vải
6. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ (a): rộng rãi, hào phóng
7. headphones /ˈhedfəʊnz/ (n): tai nghe qua đầu
8. imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ (v): bắt chước, mô phỏng theo
9. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ (n): nguồn cảm hứng
10. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ (n): sự phát minh, vật phát minh
11. laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ (n): máy tính xách tay
12. patent /ˈpætnt/ (n,v): bằng sáng chế; được cấp bằng sáng
chế
13. portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/ (a): dễ dàng mang, xách theo
14. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ (n): nguyên tắc, yếu tố cơ bản
15. submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/ (n): tàu ngầm
16. velcro /ˈvelkrəʊ/ (n): một loại khóa dán
GRAMMAR :
I. The present perfect (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN
THÀNH)
1. Cấu trúc
(Form)
|
Affirmative
(Khẳng định) |
Negative
(Phủ định) |
Interrogative
(Nghi vấn) |
|
S +
have/ has + pp (past |
S +
have/ has + not + pp + (0) |
Have/
Has + S + PP + (0)? |
|
She has
bought this house. |
She
hasn't bought this house. |
Has she
bought this house? |
2. Cách dùng (use)
- Diễn tả
hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ.
(actions
completed at an unspecific time in the past)
E.g: She has
traveled around the world. (Cô ấy đã đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
- Diễn tả
hành động đã hoàn thành rồi nhưng kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại (completed actions
with a
result in the present)
E.g: Look!
He has dyed his hair red. (Nhìn kìa! Anh ta đã nhuộm tóc thành màu đỏ.)
- Diễn tả
hành động bắt đẩu trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại (actions that
started
in the past
and have continued until now)
E.g: I have
learnt/ learned English for 15 years.(Tôi đã học Tiếng Anh được 15 năm rồi.)
- Diễn tả
hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ nhưng vào thời điểm
nói hành
động đó vẫn chưa hoàn thành (actions at a specified time which are not complete
at
the time of
speaking) è
Cách dùng này thường gặp với trạng từ thời gian như this morning/
afternoon,...
E.g: I have
read four books so far this morning
- Diễn tả
một hành động lặp lại nhiều lẩn cho đến thời điểm hiện tại, chúng ta thường
thấy
các từ đi
kèm ở cách dùng này như sau:
Several
times/hours/days/weeks/months/years, etc
E.g: I have
watched this film several times.
• Note:
- Sau cấu
trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the
most interesting book that I have ever read.
- Sau cấu
trúc:This/lt is the first/second... time, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
This is the
first time I have eaten this kind of food.
3. Time
phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian)
Các từ/ cụm
từ thời gian thường gặp trong thì này như:
-already (đã
...rồi),never (chưa bao giờ),ever (đã từng),yet (chưa),just (vừa mới), (chođến
bây
giờ),
recently (gắn đây), lately (gần đây),
- so far/ up
to now/ up to present (cho tới bây giờ), in / over + the past/ last + thời
gian: trong
....qua
- for +
khoảng thời gian (for 2 days: trong khoảng 2 ngày)
- since +
mốc thời gian: kể t ừ .... (since 2000: từ năm 2000)
Nếu sau
"since" là một mệnh đề thì mệnh đề trước since ta chia thì hiện tại
hoàn thành còn
mệnh đề sau
since chia thì quá khứ đơn.
E.g: I have
taught English since I graduated from University.
* Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện
tại hoàn thành:
- already,
never, ever, just: sau "have/ has" và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.
- already:
cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
- Yet: đứng
cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
- so far,
recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ over + the past/ last +
thời
gian: Có thể
đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
E.g: I have
bought this house recently. (Gần đây tôi đã mua ngôi nhà này.)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1:
Put the verbs into present perfect tense.
1. I
___________(be) here for three hours.
2. My
parents___________ (own) the house since 1980.
3.
They__________ (have) those problems for a long time.
4.
We__________(see) this movie already.
5. You_________
(check) my spelling.
6.
Linda________ (buy) a new television.
7.
Julie_________ (break) her leg.
8. Tim and
Mary_________ (have) a baby.
9.
I_________ (know) Susan for all my life.
10.
David__________(work) here since last October.
KEY Bài 1: Put the verbs into present perfect
tense.
1.
have been 6.
has bought
2.
have owned 7.
has broken
3.
have had 8.
have had
4.
have seen 9.
have known
5.
have checked 10.
has worked
Bài 2: Put the verbs into the correct tense
(simple past or present perfect).
1. Last week
I was very busy and I_________ (not have) the time to do a lot in the household
2. On Monday
I worked four hours overtime and_________ (come) home very late in the evening.
3. From
Tuesday to Thursday last week I__________(be) on a business trip.
4. On Friday
I went to a friend's birthday party and at the weekend I___________ (visit) my
grandparents.
5. Tomorrow
some friends are coming over. I have not seen them for ages and they__________
(never, be) here before.
6.
I__________ (just clean) my house so I can show them around.
KEY
Bài 2: Put the verbs into the correct tense
(simple past or present perfect).
1. didn't have 2.
came
3. was 4.
visited
5. have never been 6. have just
cleaned
Bài 3: Choose the best answer in the bracket.
1. Mike (has never seen
/ never saw) this film but I'm not sure he'll enjoy it.
2. We
haven't been on holiday (for / since) ages.
3. Susan
(went/ has gone) to England last week.
4. Wow! (Did
you already do / Have you already) done the housework?
5. They (got
/ have got) married last year.
6. My dog
(dug / has dug) a hole in the middle of my garden last night.
7. Look! The
plane (has just landed / just landed).
8. Ever
since I was a child (I wanted / I've wanted) to go to England.
9. He
(didn't decide / hasn't decided) what to do yet.
10. John
(has bought / bought) a small house in France in 2000.
KEY Bài 3: Choose the best answer in the
bracket.
1.
has never seen 6.
dug
2.
for 7.
has just landed
3.
went 8.
I've wanted
4.
Have you already 9.
hasn't decided
5.
got 10.
bought
Bài 4: Identify and correct mistakes in the
following sentences.
1. Did you
ever eat this kind of food?_________________
2. Nobody
has seen the teacher since three weeks._________________
3. Have you
called Tim yesterday?_________________
4. Did you
do your homework yet?_________________
5. I have
met him for Christmas. _________________
KEY Bài 4: Identify and correct mistakes in the
following sentences.
1. Did you ever eatè Have you ever eaten
2. sinceè for
3. Have you called è Did you call
4. Did you do è Have you done
5. for è since
Bài 5: Complete the text with the correct
form of the verbs (Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple)
My name's
Lisa and I'm from Spain. I ___________(1. leave)
school last year and I ____________ (2.
not find) a job yet, so I'm trying to
improve my English in the meantime. I have been studying in
a private
school here in Barcelona for three months, and I think I ___________(3. make) quite a lot of
progress.
Apart from
studying English my other main interest is sport, especially swimming and beach
volley. I
___________ (4. win) several cups
for swimming and our team ___________ (5. win)
the Regional Beach Volley Championship last year.
KEY Bài 5: Complete the text with the correct
form of the verbs (Past Simple or pr Perfect Simple)
1. left 2.
haven't found
3. have made 4.
have won
5. won
II. INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN
MẪU VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
1. Infinitives (Động từ nguyên mẫu)
- Sau một số
động từ, chúng ta dùng "to + V-inf".Ta cũng có thể thêm
"not" trước cụm "to
+V-inf"để
chỉ nghĩa phủ định: afford, agree, appear, arrange, attempt, begin, care,
choose, consent,
determine,
happen, hesitate, hope, intend, pretend, propose, promise, refuse, love, offer,
start, swear,. . .
E.g: I
refuse to go to the party.
- Sau một số
động từ có tân ngữ đi kèm: ask, advise, allow, bear, cause, encourage, expect,
forbid, force, get, hate, compel, intend, order, permit, like, invite, request,
tell, trouble, want, prefer, warn, wish, teach ...
Form: S + V
+ 0 + to + V-inf
E.g: My
mother encourages me to take part in this contest.
2. Gerunds (Danh động từ)
Danh động từ
thường được dùng để:
- Làm chủ
ngữ trong câu:
E.g: Doing
exercise regularly is very good for our health.
- Làm tân
ngữ đứng sau một số động từ: avoid, appreciate, admit, consider, deny, detest,
enjoy, fancy, mind, finish, imagine, resume, forgive, practice, resent, keep,
tolerate, risk, postpone, suggest, miss...
E.g: He
practices speaking English every day.
- Làm tân
ngữ đứng sau một số cụm từ: it's (not) worth, it's (no) use/ good, in addition to, can't help, can't bear, can't
stand ...
E.g: It's
worth buying an expensive ticket to this concert.
- Đứng sau
các cụm động từ (phrasal verbs): give up, put off, keep on, be opposed to, face
up ,to be against, look forward to, be interested in, be/get used to, see
about, care for...
E.g: I get
used to getting up early.
• Note:
Một số động
từ có thể đi cùng với cả động từ nguyên thể và V-ing, nhưng có sự khác nhau vể
ý nghĩa:
Stop V-ing:
dừng làm gì (dừng hẳn)
Stop to V:
dừng lại để làm việc gì
Stop
smoking: dừng hút thuốc
Stop to
talk: dừng lại để nói chuyện
Remember/forget/regret
to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại - tương lai)
Remember/forget/regret
V-ing: nhớ/quên/hối tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ)
E.g: I regret
to inform you that the train was cancelled. (Tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh
rằng
chuyến tàu
đã bị hủy)
E.g: She
remembers seeing him. (Tôi nhớ đã gặp anh ấy.)
Try to V: cố
gắng làm gì
Try
V-ing:thử làm gì
E.g:
- I try to
pass the exam. (Tôi cố gắng vượt qua kỳ thi.)
-You should
try wearing this hat. (Bạn nên thử đội chiếc mủ này.)
Prefer V-íng
to V-ing
Prefer + to
V + rather than (V)
E.g:
- I prefer
staying at home to going out.
- I prefer
to stay at home rather than go out.
Mean to V:
Có ý định làm gì.
Mean V-ing:
Có nghĩa là gì.
E.g:
- He doesn't
mean to prevent you from doing that. (Anh ấy không có ý ngăn cản bạn làm
việcđó.)
- This sign
means not going into. (Biển báo này có ý nghĩa là không được đi vào trong.)
Need to V:
cẩn làm gì
Need V-ing: cần
được làm gì (= need to be done)
Eg-
- I need to
clean the house.
-Your hair
needs cutting. (= Your hair needs to be cut.)
Used to V:
đã từng/thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)
Be/Get used
toV-ing: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)
E.g:
- I used to
get up early when I was young. (Tôi thường dậy sớm khi còn trẻ.)
- I'm used
to getting up early. (Tôi quen với việc dậy sớm rồi)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete
the sentence.
1. I
remember_________him in London.
A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. to meeting
2. Sun-Young
avoids __________ underwear at the thrift store.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying
3. The girls
agreed_________ the cake equally.
A. to be
divided B. to divide C. dividing D. divide
4. She
expected_________ for the job, but she wasn't.
A. to select B. selected C. selecting D. to be selected
5. Huy
finished_________ homework and then he went to the party with George and Bill.
A. do B. to be
done C. to do D. doing
6. Please
don't forget_________ the baby. She needs to eat every two hours.
A. feeding B. fed C. to feed D. to be fed
Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the
sentence.
1 .
c
Remember
+ Ving: nhớ đã làm gì (ở quá khứ)
2. D
Avoid
+Ving: tránh làm gì
3. B
Agree
to V: đồng ý làm gì
4. D
Expect
to V: mong đợi/ mong chờ làm gì đó
Expect
to be + PP: mong chờ được làm gì đó
5. D
Finish
+ Ving: hoàn thành làm gì đó
6. C
Forget
+ to V: quên làm gì (sự việc chưa xảy ra)
'Don't
forget to v.."dùng để nhắc nhở ai đó làm gì đó
Bài 7: Choose the best answer in the
bracket to complete the sentence.
1. Passing the kitchen, he stopped drinking/ to drink a large glass
of water.
2. They stopped talking/to talk when the teacher came in.
3. I regret telling/ to tell you that the model you want is out of stock.
4. I didn't regret spending/ to spend a year travelling around the
world.
5. Remember checking/to check your answer before handing in your exam
paper.
6. I remember putting/ to put the money in the top drawer, but it's not
there now.
7. He needs working/ to work harder if he wants to make progress.
8. It's difficult problem. It needs thinking/ to think about very
carefully.
9. I think Nam meant breaking/ to break that glass. It didn't look like
an accident.
10. If we want to get there by 7.00, that means getting/ to get up
before 5.00.
KEY Bài 7: Choose the best answer in the
bracket to complete the sentence.
1.
to drink (Stop to V: dừng lại để làm gì)
2.
talking (Stop + Ving: ngừng làm gì đó)
3.
to tell (Regret + to V: lấy làm tiếc khi làm gì; Out of stock: hết hàng)
4.
spending (Regret + Ving: hối hận đã làm gì đó)
5.
to check (Remember to V: nhớ để làm gì đó (chưa xảy ra))
6.
putting (Remember + Ving: nhớ đã làm gì đó)
7.
to work (Need + to V: cần làm gì (chủ động))
8.
thinking (need + Ving (bị động))
9.
to break (Mean + to V: ý định làm gì)
10.
getting (Mean + Ving: có nghĩa là)
Bài 8: Put the verbs in brackets in the
correct form.
1. I can't
stand____________________in queues. (wait)
2. I
wouldn't like____________________in his shoes. (be)
3. Tom loves____________________in
Thailand. (work)
4. I
hate____________________the shopping on Sunday. (do)
5. Blast! I
forgot____________________milk. (buy)
6. In the
end we decided____________________in. (stay)
7. I
need____________________some information about this. (find)
8. My
parents like____________________for long walks at the weekend. (go)
9. Tim gave
up____________________years ago. (smoke)
10. I
wanted___________________ and see him. (go)
KEY Bài 8: Put the verbs in brackets in the
correct form.
1. waiting
6.
to stay
2.
to be 7.
to find
3.
working 8.
going
4.
doing 9.
smoking
5.
to buy 10.
to go
Bài 9: Identify and correct mistakes in the
following sentences.
1. Mary
suggested to buy a new laptop computer.
2. Why do
you dislike to watch TV with me?
3. Trying
some of this wine. Maybe you will like it.
4. I am
looking forward to see you soon.
5. She
apologized me for the delay.
6. Did you
have any trouble to buy a car?
7. It is a
waste of time to go to the party.
8. I can't
afford going on holiday.
9.
Foreigners are not used to drive on the left.
10. I'm
going to France learning French.
Bài 9: Identify and correct mistakes in the
following sentences.
1.
to buy èbuying 6.
to buy è buying
2.
to watch è watching 7.
to go è going
3.
Tryingè Try 8. going ètogo
4.
to see è to seeing 9.
to drive è to driving
5.
apologized me è
apologized to me 10.
learning èto learn
Bài 10: Complete the text by putting the
verbs in the correct form, using ing or to.
James has
decided (1)______________(abandon)
his second attempt at (2)________________ (swim)
the English
Channel after (3)_________________(break)
his ankle in a cycling accident. His decision
(4)_________________
(postpone) this attempt came after a
two week holiday mountainbiking with
his wife.
His first attempt was also unsuccessful and he is unlikely (5)________________
(be) back
training for
quite a few months. He said in a recent interview that he had not yet decided
whether
(6)_________________
(try) one more time, but denies
(7)________________ (lose) total
interest in the
project. 'I
aim (8)_________________ (raise)
money for a local charity' he explained. He continued by
(9)_________________
(say) that if he could manage
(10)________________ (find) the
time, he would do a lot more charity work.
Bài 10: Complete the text by putting the verbs
in the correct form, using ing or to.
1. to abandon 6.
to try
2. swimming 7.
losing
3. breaking 8.
to raise
4. to postpone 9.
saying
5. to be 10.
to find
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 11: Put the verbs in brackets in the
correct form.
1. We
arranged_________________at the airport at half past nine. (meet)
2. I always
try to avoid_________________him whenever I can. (see)
3. When we
visit my aunt, they expect me________________ on my best behavior. (be)
4. My mother
demanded_________________the manager. (see)
5. My
brother denied_________________ my chocolate mousse. (eat)
6. I
tried_________________ but I just couldn't. (understand)
7. Julie was
pretending_________________a chicken. (be)
8. He
deserves_________________ severely punished. (be)
9. They
chose_________________ in a cheap hotel but spend more money on meals. (stay)
10. We like
Hanoi City so much that we keep________________ back there. (go)
Bài 11: Put the verbs in brackets in the
correct form.
1. to meet 6.
to understand
2. seeing 7.
to be
3. to be 8.
to be
4. to see 9.
to stay
5. eating 10.
going
Bài 12:
Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
|
Stay |
talk |
win |
read |
smoke |
|
watch |
change |
lose |
go |
close |
1. Sarah suggested_____________to
the movies but I was really tired and decided against it.
2. Would you
mind____________ the window, please?
3. I like
Sue very much but she tends_____________a lot.
4. Can you
show me how_____________this sentence into passive voice?
5. I
want_____________weight.
6. Everyone
wanted him_____________the tournament.
7. They
don't allow you____________in this building.
8. She
wouldn't let me_____________the letter she had written to her aunt.
9. I advise
you_____________at home at night because the roads are treacherous.
10. Child
psychologists do not encourage_____________TV after 9 o'clock at night.
Bài 12: Complete the sentences with the verbs
from the box.
1. going 6.
to win
2. closing 7.
to smoke
3. to talk 8.
read
4. to change 9.
to stay
5. to lose 10.
watching
Bài 13: Put the verbs in the brackets into
either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. Tim: How
many times (you/try)__________ to pass your driving test?
Mike: Three
times so far.
2. When
(you/go)_____________to Ho Chi Minh City?
3. You look
different, (you/have)_____________a haircut?
4. I
(not/see)_____________David at all this week. I don't even know where he is.
5. Tim:
(you/speak)____________ to Peter yet?
Mike: Not
yet.
6. When
(you/start)____________your job?
7. I
(move)_____________house three times in the last five years.
8. My sister
(be)_____________to New York three times and she's going again next month.
9. The US
President (be)_____________in our country last year.
10. He
(visit)_____________this village three times in the last two years.
Bài 13: Put the verbs in the brackets into
either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. have you tried 6. did you
start
2. did you go 7.
have moved
3. Have you had 8. has been
4. haven't seen 9. was
5. Have you spoken 10. has visited
Bài 14: Complete the second sentence so
that it has similar meaning to the first.
1. You can
try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed.
There's no point_______________________________________.
2. He wished
he had invited her to his birthday party.
He regretted_______________________________________
.
3. Mastering
a second language takes time and patience.
It_______________________________________
4. After
four years abroad, Mr. Brown returned home as an excellent engineer.
After Mr. Brown
____________________________________ .
5. It won't
be difficult to get a ticket for the
game.
You won't have any__________________________________________.
Bài 14: Complete the second sentence so that it
has similar meaning to the first.
1. There's no point in trying to get Jim to
lend you his car.
2. He regretted not inviting/ not having
invited her to his birthday party.
3. It takes time and patience to master a
second language.
4. After Mr. Brown had been abroad for four
years, he returned home as an excellent engineer.
5. You won't have any difficulty (in) getting a
ticket for the game.
Bài 15: Complete the text with the correct
form of the verbs (Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple)
Since
computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's,
technology__________
(1
.change) a great deal. The first
computers_________ (2.be) simple
machines designed for basic tasks. They __________ (3.have, not) much memory and they __________ (4.be, not) very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive
and customers often_________ (5.pay)
thousands of dollars for machines which actually__________(6.do) very little. Most
computers__________ (7. be)
separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for
playing games.
Times__________
(8. change). Computers___________(9.become) powerful machines with very
practical applications. Programmers ___________(10.create) a large selection of useful programs which do everything
from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video
games, but today's games__________ (11.become)
faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users__________
(12.get, also) on the Internet and
have begun communicating with other computer users around the world.
(https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm)
Bài 15: Complete the text with the correct form
of the verbs (Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple)
1.
have changed 2.
were
3.
didn't have 4.
weren't
5.
paid 6.
did
7.
were 8.
have changed
9.
have become 10.
have created
11.
have become 12.
have also got
