Unit 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENT - TỪ VỰNG NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 12
Unit 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENT
A. VOCABULARY
• raise something (to something):
tăng cái gì lên bao nhiêu
• effect (on somebody/something):
ảnh hưởng đến cái gì
• come into effect = take effect:
có hiệu lực
• accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/: =
achieve, execute: đạt được
• evaluate /ɪ' væljueɪt/: =
assess, judge, appraise: đánh giá
• assess something at something:
đánh giá ở mức nào
Ex: Damage to
the building was assessed at £40,000.
• assess somebody/ something as
something: đánh giá ai như là
Ex: The young
men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.
• release /rɪ'li:s/: thải
ra
• release somebody/ something
from something: giải thoát cho ai, gì khỏi cái gì
Ex:
Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.
• add something to something:
thêm cái gì vào đâu
Ex: A new wing
was added to the building
• absorb something into something
= take in: hấp thụ vào đâu
Ex: The cream
is easily absorbed into the skin.
• reabsorption: sự tái hấp
thụ
• supplant /sə'plɑ:nt/ (v): =
replace: thay thế
• convert something (into
something): chuyển đổi cái gì thành
• insulate something (from/ against
something): cách nhiệt khỏi...
Ex: Home
owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy.
• hazard /'hæzəd/: = jeopardy,
perilousness: nguy hiểm
• hazard (to somebody/
something): nguy hiểm cho ai, gì
• hazard (of something/ of doing
something): nguy hiểm khi làm gì
Ex: Everybody
is aware of the hazards of smoking.
• expand /ɪk'spænd/: mở rộng
(diện tích, độ lớn...): tăng số lượng
• extend /ɪk'stend/: kéo dài
(thời gian...), kéo dãn
• to extend the hand of
friendship: cố gắng duy trì mối quan hệ tốt với...
• to filter out dust particles/
light/ impurities: lọc ra ...
• shelter (from something): nơi
trú ẩn khỏi cái gì
Ex: People
were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.
• risk (of something/ of doing
something): nguy cơ
Ex: Smoking
can increase the risk of developing heart disease
• sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/
(adj): = steady, persistent: bền vững
• agglomeration /əˌɡlɒmə'reɪʃn/:
= accumulation: sự kết tụ
Ex: The suburb
is an agglomeration of houses, shops, and offices.
• accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ (v): =
speed up, gain momentum: tăng tốc
• composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: =
constitution, configuration: thành phần
• disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): =
distract, interrupt: làm phiền
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. CONNECTING WORDS (TỪ NỐI)
Conjunction (liên từ):
• là từ dùng nối câu hoặc nối
từ
• đứng sau một dấu “,” hoặc không
cần đến
Connector (từ nối):
• thường dùng để nối câu
• thường dùng giữa hai loại dấu
1. Nhóm chỉ sự bổ sung thông tin
• Conjunction: + and, and also.... và...
+ as well as.... cùng nhur
+ both ... and ... : vừa ... vừa ...
+ not only... but also ... không những ... mà còn...
• Connector: + Moreover = Furthermore: hơn thế nữa
+ In addition: thêm vào đó
+ Besides: ngoài ra
+ What's more: hơn thế
2. Nhóm chỉ thông tin trái ngược
• Conjunction: + but, yet:
nhưng
+
số đếm: one, two…; số thứ tự: second…; whereas: trái lại…
• Collector: + However = Netherless: tuy nhiên, nhưng
+ On the other hand: mặt khác
+ In contrast;
trái lại
+ On the
contrary: ngược lại
3. Thông tin kết quả (vì vậy, do đó...)
• Conjunction: + so, thus, hence:
vì vậy
• Connector: + Therefore: vì vậy
+ As a result: kết quả là
+ Consequently: kết quả là
+ Accordingly: do đó
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Decide
if the following sentences are compound or complex.
1. The house was destroyed in the fire, but the whole
family was saved.
2. Walking through the wood, he saw a fox that was
following him.
3. If I do not get this job, I will start a business.
4. He said that he was so disappointed that he would
not try again.
5. The men who rule the world with their pens are
mightier than those who rule the world with their swords.
6. The evil that men do lives after them.
7. All that glitters is not gold.
8. Neither the color nor the design of this cloth
appeals to me.
Bài 2: Decide whether the
following sentences are simple, complex or compound.
1. We met rather few people who
spoke English.
2. I have been on rather too many
planes and trains recently.
3. We drove to the city two days
ago.
4. I don't care how expensive it
is.
5. Two minutes ago the child was
fast asleep, but now he is wide awake.
6. He is not tall enough to be a
soldier.
7. I guess she just doesn't
respect you.
8. I have got four sisters and
each of them is quite different from the others.
9. When all else fails, read the
manual.
10. He will never leave home
because he hasn't got the courage to.
Bài 3: Choose
the correct answer.
1. That's the woman _______ I
spoke about the job.
A. of whom B. to
whom C.
whom
2. The house _______ they live
is opposite a big park.
A. to which B. which C. in
which
3. All of the exam papers are
collected and given to the examiners, _______ job it is to mark them.
A. who B. whose C. whom
4. This is the title of the book
_______ I need for my course.
A. what B. x C.
where
5. Near hotel there's a great gym
_______ you
can work out.
A. is where B. in
where C.
where
6. My mother, _______, has
decided to learn Chinese.
A. who is retired B. she is
retired C. is
retired
7. My car, _______ I can't get
to work, has broken down.
A. without which B. to which C. of which
8. We waited for an hour to be served, but our meal,
_______, was awful.
A. it
arrived B. when it is arrived C. when
it arrived
Bài 4: Combine
the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences.
1. Tim went to the movies. He had a lot of work to do.
2. John is a brilliant boy. He has won several honors.
3. Mike didn't get the job. He lacked the necessary
qualifications.
4. Bill is a baseball player. He is known all over the
world.
Bài 5: Change the following complex
sentences into compound sentences.
1. Although she is arrogant, I like her.
2. Though she is young, she is very responsible.
3. I helped him because I liked him.
4. He fed the cats before he went out.
5. Even though I had a bad headache, I enjoyed the
party.
6. Although I missed the train, I managed to arrive on
time.
7. When I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight.
8. Though she is pretty she is not very popular.
Bài 6: Provide
a suitable subordinator to fill in the bank.
1. I'm going to the bank _______
I need some money.
2. I made lunch _______ I got
home.
3. _______ it's raining, she's
going for a walk in the park.
4. _______ she finishes her
homework soon, she will fail the class.
5. He decided to trust David
_______ he was an honest man.
6. _______ we went to school,
she decided to investigate the situation.
7.Daisy decided to leave Tom
_______ he was too worried about his job.
8. Tuan bought a new jacket
_______ he had received one as a gift last week.
9. Hung claims that there will
be trouble _______ he doesn't complete the job.
10. Hoa will have finished the
report _______ the time you receive the letter.
Bài 7: Use
"which" to combine the following sentences.
1.
Tim is always late for class. This annoys the teacher.
2.
You gave me this interesting book. Thank you very much for it.
3.
Susan couldn't come to my birthday party. This made me sad.
4. We
have lost her telephone number. This makes it difficult to contact her.
5.
The problem has been discussed in class. We are interested in it.
Bài 8: Change
the following compound sentences into complex sentences.
1. He tried his best, but he
didn't succeed.
2.
The clown entered the circus ring and the children started clapping.
3.
Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.
4.
You have to hurry or you will miss the bus.
5.
The battle has been won but the war isn't over yet.
6.
The country has made huge progress, but we still have a long way to go.
7.
You have to be 18 years old or you can't vote.
8.
Leprosy is curable and everybody knows this.
9. Mr
John is a famous magician and he has performed all over the world.
■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 9: Decide whether the
following sentences are simple, complex, compound or compound - complex.
1. This is an easy exercise.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
2. I
like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing table tennis.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
3. I'll help you if you help me.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
4. Her name is Hoa and she comes from Vietnam.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
5. My
mother cooked dinner whiie I was doing my homework.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
6. While
I was doing my homework, my father cooked the dinner and my mother was asleep
in front of the television.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
7. Do
you want to go swimming tomorrow, or would you prefer to play tennis?
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
8. I've
brought my umbrella with me in case it rains.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
9.
I don't know why he did that.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
10. My
family went to France when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak
French very well.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
11. I'm
so pleased that you can come to my party.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
12. He
told me that he is returning to Hanoi City next summer.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
13. I
have not seen my grandmother since I came to Germany.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
14. We
were doing an English test when the fire alarm rang yesterday.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
15. She
runs every day, so she is very fit.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
16.
Because she runs every day, she is very fit.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
17. The
new girl in our class has a brother in grade 7 and a sister in grade 9.
A.
Simple B.
Compound
C.
Complex D.
Compound-complex
18. You should read every day if you want to improve
your English more quickly.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
19. Although it was cold and the rain was getting
heavier, we decided to go fishing as planned.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
20. You should start working a little harder or you
are going to fail your test.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
21. I didn't know what time it was so I was very late
to class.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
22. Most European countries now use the Euro, but the
United Kingdom still uses the pound (£).
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
23. To build a doll's house you need wood, a hammer, a
saw, and lots of nails.
A. Simple B. Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
24. She failed her driving test because she didn't
look in her mirror often enough.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
25. He got up, walked over to the window, and jumped
out.
A. Simple B.
Compound
C. Complex D.
Compound-complex
Bài 10: Combine each of
the following sets of simple sentences into one complex sentence.
1.
The strike was going to be called off. The leader told me that.
2. We
can succeed only by combined effort. It goes without saying.
3. He
may become a member. I don't know.
4. He
is not educated. He is well experienced
5. I
sank into the water. I felt great confusion of thought. I cannot describe it.
6. I
went there. I found the door locked.
7.
There is heavy rainfall here. Grapes will not grow in such places.
8. It
may rain. Then the match will be cancelled.
9.
You finish dressing. I will wait here.
Bài 11: Decide whether
each of the following lines is a phrase (P), independent clause (IC), or
dependent clause (DC).
1.
because it was easy
2. a
pearly red balloon
3.
after I submitted my essay
4.
the movie was interesting
5.
jumped across the wide path
6. I
like kiwis
7.
although writing is complicated
8.
there is so much to say
9. if
I want to learn everything
10. a
heavy, old book
Bài 12: Identify the clauses by placing square brackets [ ] around
dependent clauses and curly brackets { } around independent clauses and then
decide whether the sentence is compound, complex or compound-complex.
1.
Even if every step seems difficult you should keep trying for the best things
are worth fighting for.
2. I
did my very best to write a good cover letter and I finally sent my application
to my favorite company for review.
3.
Whenever the rain falls I remember how important the simple things are and I
feel glad to be where I am.
4. If
you really want good English editing service you should try it since it's fast
and efficient.
5.
Every morning I get up early and I get ready to go out but today my alarm
didn't ring.
6. I
think summer is the best time of year because everything is growing and green
so the whole world seems new.
7.
Although travel can be fun alone it's better if you take a friend given that
experiences are always better if they're shared.
8. As
soon as you get my letter write back to me and I will think of something new to
write back to you whenever I get your response.
9. I
really want to know how to get a ticket yet every time I try to call the office
I get a busy signal.
10. No
matter how much you study it takes practice and application to really learn how
to master English so just keep trying to use what you know as often as you can
and you'll succeed!
KEY BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Bài 1: Decide if the following sentences are compound or complex.
|
1. Compound sentence |
5. Complex sentence |
|
2. Complex sentence |
6. Complex sentence |
|
3. Complex sentence |
7. Complex sentence |
|
4. Complex sentence |
8. Compound sentence |
Bài 2: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex or
compound.
|
1. Complex sentence |
6. Simple sentence |
|
2. Simple sentence |
7. Complex sentence |
|
3. Simple sentence |
8. Compound sentence |
|
4. Complex sentence |
9. Complex sentence |
|
5. Compound sentence |
10. Complex sentence |
Bài 3: Choose the correct
answer.
|
1. B |
5. C |
|
2. C |
6. A |
|
3. B |
7. A |
|
4. B |
8. C |
Bài 4: Combine the
following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences.
1. Tim
went to the movies although he had a lot of work to do.
2. John
is a brilliant boy who has won several honors.
3. Mike
didn't get the job because he lacked the necessary qualifications.
4. Bill
is a baseball player who is known all over the world.
Bài 5: Change the following complex sentences into compound
sentences.
She is
arrogant but 1 like her.
She is
young but she is very responsible.
I liked
him so 1 helped him.
He fed
the cats and went out.
I had a
bad headache but 1 enjoyed the party.
missed
the train but 1 managed to arrive on time.
I
opened my eyes and saw a strange sight.
She is
pretty but she is not very popular.
Bài 6: Provide a suitable
subordinator to fill in the bank.
|
1. because/since/as |
6. Before/When |
|
2. after /when /as soon as |
7. because/since/as |
|
3. Although / Even though
/Though |
8. although / even though /
though |
|
4. Unless |
9. if/in the case that |
|
5. because/since/as |
10. by |
Bài 7: Use
"which" to combine the following sentences.
1. Tim is
always late for class, which annoys the teacher.
2. Thank you very much for this interesting book which you gave me.
3. Susan couldn't come to my birthday party, which made me sad.
4. We have lost her telephone number, which makes it difficult to contact
her.
5. We are interested in the problem which has been discussed in class.
Bài 8: Change the
following compound sentences into complex sentences.
1. Though/ Although/ Even though he tried his best, he didn't succeed.
2. When the clown entered the circus ring, the children started clapping.
3. If you take care of the pence, the pounds will take care of
themselves.
4. If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus.
5. Though/ Although/ Even though the battle has been won, the war isn't over
yet.
6. Although/Though/ Even though the country has made huge progress, we
still have a long way to go.
7. If you are under 18, you can't vote.
8. Everybody knows that leprosy is curable.
9. Mr John, who has performed all over the world, is a famous magician.
Bài 1: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex,
compound or compound - complex.
|
1. A |
6. D |
11. C |
16. C |
21. D |
|
2. B |
7. B |
12. C |
17. A |
22. B |
|
3. C |
8. C |
13. C |
18. C |
23. A |
|
4. B |
9. C |
14. C |
19. D |
24. C |
|
5. C |
10. D |
15. B |
20. B |
25. A |
Bài 10: Combine each of the following sets of simple sentences into
one complex sentence.
1. The
leader told me that the strike was going to be called off.
2. It
goes without saying that we can succeed only by combined effort.
3. I
don't know if he will become a member.
4.
Though he is not educated, he is well experienced.
5. When
I sank into the water, I felt great confusion of thought which I could not
explain.
6. When
I went there, I found the door locked.
7.
Grapes will not grow where there is heavy rainfall.
8. If
it rains, the match will be cancelled.
9. I
will wait here until you finish dressing.
Bài 11: Decide whether each of the following lines is a phrase (P),
independent clause (IC), or dependent clause (DC).
|
1. DC |
6. IC |
|
2. P |
7. DC |
|
3. DC |
8. IC |
|
4. IC |
9. IC |
|
5. P |
10. P |
Bài 12: Identify the clauses by placing
square brackets [ ] around dependent clauses and curly brackets { } around
independent clauses and then decide whether the sentence is compound, complex
or compound-complex.
1. [Even if every step
seems difficult], {you should keep trying}, for {the best things are worth fighting for}. (Compound-complex)
2. {I did my very best to write a good
cover letter}, and {I finally sent
my application to my favorite company for review}. (Compound)
3. [Whenever the rain
falls], {I remember how important the simple things are}, and {I feel glad to be where I am}. (Compound-complex)
4. [If you really want
good English editing service], {you should try it} [since it's fast and efficient]. (Complex)
5. {Every morning I get up early}, and {I get ready to go out}, but
{today my alarm didn't ring}. (Compound)
6. {I think summer is the best time of year} [because everything is growing and green], so {the whole world seems new}. (Compound- complex)
7. [Although travel can
be fun alone], {it's better if you take a friend} [given that experiences are always better if they're shared]. (Complex)
8. [As soon as you get my
letter], {write back to me}, and {I
will think of something new to write back to you} [whenever I get your response].
(Compound- complex)
9. {I really want to know how to get a ticket}, yet [every time I try to call the office], {I get a busy signal}. (Compound- complex)
10. [No matter how much you study], {it takes practice and application
to really learn how to master English}, so
{just keep trying to use what you know} [as
often as you can], and {you'll
succeed}! (Compound- complex)
