Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (the past perfect tense) – Công thức, cách dùng, dấu hiệu và bài tập
1. Cách dùng
Diễn tả những hành động đã xảy ra
và hoàn thành trước hành động khác trong quá khứ
Ví dụ:
When my grandfather retired last year, he had worked for that company for more than 40 years.
(Khi ông tôi nghỉ hưu vào năm ngoái, ông đã làm việc cho công ty ấy được hơn 40 năm.)
2. Công thức
+. Câu khẳng định (+): S+ had + V(p2)
+ Câu phủ định (-): S+had + not + V(p2)
+ Câu nghi vấn (?): Had + S+V(p2)
Ví dụ:
(+): He had gone out when I came
into the house. (Anh ấy đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi vào nhà.)
(-): She hadn't come home when I
got into the house. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa về nhà khi tôi vào nhà.)
(?): Had the film ended when you
arrived at the cinema? (Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi bạn tới rạp chiếu phim
phải không?)
3. Dấu
hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
a. before
(trước khi)
Mệnh đề có “before” chia quá khứ
đơn, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
Before I went home, I had
finished all my work.
(Trước khi tôi về nhà, tôi đã
hoàn thành mọi công việc.)
b. by
the time (vào lúc)
Mệnh đề có "by the time" chia quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
By the time you arrived at the station, the train had left.
(Vào lúc mà bạn đến nhà ga, con tàu đã đi.)
c. after
(sau khi)
Mệnh đề có “after” chia quá khứ
hoàn thành, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ đơn
Ví dụ:
What did you do after you had
graduated from university?
(Bạn đã làm gì sau khi tốt
nghiệp đại học?)
d. by +
trạng từ của quá khứ
Ví dụ:
By the end of last month, we had
worked here for 20 years.
(Chúng tôi đã làm việc ở đây
được 20 năm tính đến cuối của tháng trước.)
4. Bài
tập áp dụng
Exercise 1:
Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. Yesterday they went home
after they (finish) their work.
2. When we came to the stadium,
the match (already start)
3. Many people (move) to the new place before the
storm occurred.
4. I sat down and rested after
they (go)
5.
Before he died, he (be) ill for several days.
6. Last night before he watched
TV, he (do) the
exercise.
7. She went to the department
after she (clean) the
floor.
8. When I got to the party, they (go) home.
9. By the time the police
arrived, the house (be) burned down.
10. By last year, twenty schools
in this province (be) built.
Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành.
1. They (go) home after they (finish) their study.
2. Yesterday when I (arrive)
to the party, they (already go) home.
3. After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch)
off the light.
4. On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before.
5. Before he (go) to bed, he (do) his homework.
6. When they (get to
the place, the man (die)
7. He (do) nothing
before he (see) me.
8. He (thank) me
for what I (do) for him.
9. I (be) sorry that I [hurt]
him.
10. After they (go) , I (sit) down
and (rest)
Exercise 1:
1.
Yesterday they went home after they
(finish) their work.
®
Đáp án: had finished
2.
When we came to the stadium, the
match (already start)
®
Đáp án: had already started
3.
Many people (move) to the new place before the storm occurred.
®
Đáp án: had moved
4.
I sat down and rested after they (go)
®
Đáp án: had gone
5.
Before he died, he (be) ill for several
days.
®
Đáp án: had been
6.
Last night before he watched
TV, he (do) the
exercise.
®
Đáp án: had done
7.
She went to the department after she
(clean) the floor.
®
Đáp án: had cleaned
8.
When I got to the party, they (go) home.
®
Đáp án: had gone
9.
By the time the police arrived, the house (be) burned down.
®
Đáp án: had been
10. By last year, twenty schools in this province
(be) built.
®
Đáp án: had been
Exercise 2:
1. They (go) home after they (finish) their study.
®
Đáp án: went; had finished
2. Yesterday when I (arrive) to
the party, they (already go) home.
®
Đáp án: arrived; had already gone
3. After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch)
off the light.
®
Đáp án: had left; went; switched
4. On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a
few minutes before.
®
Đáp án: found; had just left
5. Before he (go) to bed, he (do) his homework.
®
Đáp án: went; had done
6. When they
(get) to the
place, the man (die)
®
Đáp án: got; had died
7. He (do) nothing
before
he (see) me.
®
Đáp án: had done; saw
8. He (thank) me
for what I (do) for him.
®
Đáp án: thanked; had done
9.
I (be) sorry
that I (hurt) him.
®
Đáp án: was; had hurt
10. After they (go) , I (sit) down
and (rest)
®
Đáp án: had gone; sat; rested
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (the past perfect tense) – Công thức, cách dùng, dấu hiệu và bài tập - 55.98 KB