UNIT 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT - TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 11

UNIT 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT VOCABULARY GRAMMAR

UNIT 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT

Sống tự lập

Vocabulary

1.confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ (a): tự tin

2. cope with /kəʊp/ (v): đương đầu với

3. decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (a): quyết đooán

4. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/(a): quyết tâm

5. housekeeping /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/ (n): công việc gia đình, việc nhà

6. humanitarian /hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/ (a): nhân đạo

7. interpersonal /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/ (a): liên nhân

8. motivated/ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/  (a): có động lực, động cơ, tích cực

9. prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): ưu tiên

10. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/(a): có thể tin cậy được

11. self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ (n): tinh thần tự giác           

12. self-esteem /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ (n): tự tôn, tự trọng           

13. self-reliant /ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt/ (n): tự lực 

14. strive /straɪv/ (v): cố gắng, nỗ lực      

15. time management /taɪmˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n.p): quản lý thời gian      

16. well-informed /ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/ (a): thạo tin, hiểu biết          

17. wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ (adv): (một cách) khôn ngoan         

18. protective /prəˈtektɪv/  (adj): che chở, bảo vệ     



Grammar :

 

A.  GRAMMAR

1.  To-infinitives after adjectives

*  Form 1: Noun/ Pronoun + linking verb + adjective + to -infinitive

Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau một số tính từ để miêu tả cảm xúc của ai đó liên quan

đến hành động được diễn tả, tức là "ai đó thấy thế nào khi làm gì đó".

Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là:

 

afraid

content

glad

sad

amazed

delighted

grateful

shocked

anxious

determined

happy lucky

sorry

ashamed

disappointed

pleased

surprised

bound

careful

eager

eligible

proud

ready

terrified

certain

frightened

reluctant

 

E.g:

-   I am afraid to go out alone.

-   The boy is lucky to be born in a rich family.

-   They are happy to see their old friends again.

Những động từ "to hear, to see, to learn, to discover, to find" thường được sử dụng sau một số tính từ như "glad, happy, delighted, disappointed, surprised, sorry".

E.g:

-   She is glad to hear that news.

-   They are surprised to learn that their daughter had quit her job.

*  Form 2: It + linking verb + adjective (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc với chủ ngữ "it" để đưa ra bình luận, đánh giá tính chất của hành động.


Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là: easy, difficult, hard, interesting, boring, nice, great, good, possible, impossible, likely, important, necessary, unreasonable.

E.g:

-   It is impossible for me to finish the report on time.

-   It was necessary to go there.

*  Form 3: It + linking verb + adjective + of somebody + to -infinitive

Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này với giới từ "of" là các tính từ miêu tả cách cư xử hoặc khả năng của ai đó: right, wrong, nice, kind, clever, intelligent, silly, stupid

E.g:

-   It is kind of you to help me.

-   It was silly of her to spend all her money.

2.  To-infinitives after nouns

*  Form 1: Noun + to -infinitive

Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau 1 số danh từ trừu tượng để nói về những hành động mà chúng liên quan.

Các danh từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:

 

ability

chance

failure

permission

reminder

advice

choice

goal

plan

request

agreement

decision

intention

preparation

requirement

ambition

demand

motivation

promise

suggestion

anxiety

desire

need

proposal

tendency

appeal

determination

offer

recommendation

way

arrangement

dream

opportunity

refusal

willingness

attempt

eagerness

order

reluctance

wish

E.g:

-   My decision to close the company was a difficult one to make.

-   They gave me an opportunity to escape.

-   I have a desire to live abroad.

Lưu ý: Sau danh từ "way" ta có thể dùng "of V-ing" hoặc "to infinitive" E.g: There is noway of stopping/to stop him from talking in class.

*  Form 2: It + linking verb + noun phrase (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive E.g:

-   It is a difficult question to answer.

-   It would be a pity for us to lose such a good player.

Ngoài ra, ta có thể dùng cụm danh từ (noun phrase + to infinitive) để diễn tả sự cần thiết hoặc khả năng

làm gì.

E.g:

-   There is a lot of work to do on the farm. (= There is a lot of work that we need to do on the farm.)

-   Let's get something to eat. (= Let's get something that we can eat.)



  BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN


Bài 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

delighted         shocked           bound             about            hesitant             sorry 

1.  He was very                      to go back there after what had happened.

2.  I'm                    to have to say this, but we're going to have to let you go.

3.  She was                    to hear the news of his death. He was so young!

4.  He was                    to learn that he had been promoted.

5.  You're                    to do well because you are intelligent.

6.  They're                    to have a baby. It's due any day now.

Bài 1:

1.  hesitant (Anh ấy do dự về việc quay lại đó sau những chuyện đã xảy ra.)

2.  sorry (Tôi rất tiếc phải nói điều này, nhưng chúng tôi sẽ phải để bạn đi.)

3.  shocked (Cô ấy đã rất sốc khi nghe tin anh ấy chết. Anh ấy còn quá trẻ!)

4.  delighted (Anh ấy rất vui sướng khi biết mình đã được thăng tiến.)

5.  bound (Bạn chắc sẽ làm tốt vì bạn rất thông minh.)

6.  about (Họ sắp có em bé rồi. Gần đến ngày rồi.)

Bài 2: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

ashamed

motivated

happy

astonished

likely

lucky

keen

proud

ready

determined



1.  I'm                     to be able to give you the good news that you've all passed.

2.  She was so                    to get this job. It's really great.

3.  Linda is really                    to be the mother of such a successful young man.

4.  Is everybody                    to go? The bus is waiting outside.

5.  Sarah is very                    to win this race. Her practice times were excellent.

6.  She may have messed this one up, but she's                    to do better next time.

7.  He was                    to discover that women didn't always fall for his smarmy charm.

8.  He's                    to go back there after what he did and said.

9.  He's very                    to go in for this competition. He thinks he has a good chance.

10.  My cousin doesn't seem to be                    to do anything with his life.

Bài 2:key

1.  happy                             6. determined

2.  lucky                              7. astonished

3.  proud                             8. ashamed

4.  ready                              9. keen

5.  likely                              10. motivated



Bài 3: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

fortunate      reluctant      relieved      surprised        afraid          eager          careful          upset 

1.  He was very                    not to say anything about the divorce to his mother.

2.  She was rather                    to hear I had broken her favourite vase.

3.  She's very                    to move to another city when she has so many friends here.

4.  He was very                    to find out that he didn't have to go to court.

5.  We were very                    to see him at the hotel with his secretary.

6.  She was                    to start work as soon as possible.

7.  I was very                    to have had parents who gave me a lot of encouragement.

8.  I'm                    to go in there; you know what he's like.

Bài 3:

1.  careful (Anh ấy đã rất thận trọng không nói gì về việc ly hôn với mẹ mình.)

2.  upset (Cô ấy hơi buồn khi nghe tôi đã làm vỡ cái bình yêu thích của cô ấy.)

3.  reluctant (Cô ấy bất đắc dĩ phải chuyển đến thành phố khác khi mà cô ấy có rất nhiều bạn bè ở đây.)

4.  relieved (Anh ấy cảm thấy nhẹ lòng khi biết không phải đi đến tòa.)

5.  surprised (Chúng tôi rất ngạc nhiên khi nhìn thấy anh ấy ở khách sạn với thư kí của mình.)

6.  eager (Cô ấy đã rất hào hứng bắt đầu công việc càng sớm càng tốt.)

7.  fortunate (Tôi rất may mắn khi có bố mẹ luôn ủng hộ tôi.)

8.  afraid (Tôi sợ đi vào trong đó; bạn biết tính cách anh ấy thế nào mà.)

Bài 4: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

unhappy         ashamed             able                 due               angry             unable

 

1.  Mark was very                    to discover that his wife was having an affair.

2.  They were very                    to learn that their daughter was in trouble.

3.  The report is                    to be published next week.

4.  It's great! We were                    to find a real holiday bargain.

5.  I am                    to say that I can't remember your name.

6.  We regret we are                    to extend your overdraft.

Bài 4:

1.  angry                              4. able

2.  unhappy                        5. ashamed

3.  due                                 6. Unable

Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with "for" or "of".

1.  It was really stupid                    you to get involved.

2.  It's unusual                    him to behave in this way.

3.  It was necessary                     us to solve this question as soon as possible.

4.  It is wrong                     him to get so angry over such a little thing.

5.  Isn't it possible                    you to arrive on time occasionally?

6.  It's hard                    her to make a living from her business.

7.  It was so clever                     you to think of doing it like that.

8.  It was important                    him to realise how serious this was.

9.  It was right                     her to complain. I'd have done the same.

10.    It is so kind                    you to look after the children for the afternoon.


desire to get                                                                    opportunity to improve

decision to drop                offer to help                     plan to move


Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the given phrases in the box.

 

1.  We were surprised at his                    US with the project.

2.  Her                    out of school is a difficult one to make.

3.  Studying in the USA gives you an                     your English skills.

4.  It was his                     a good job that motivated him to study Chinese.

5.  Susan's                    to California made her parents angry.



Bài 6:

1.   offer to help (Chúng tôi rất ngạc nhiên với lời đề nghị của anh ấy sẽ giúp đỡ chúng tôi thực hiện dự

án.)

2.  decision to drop (Quyết định bỏ học của cô ấy là quyết định khó khăn đối với cô ấy.)

3.  opportunity to improve (Học ở Mỹ cho bạn cơ hội để cải thiện kĩ năng tiếng Anh của mình.)

4.  desire to get (Chính mong muốn có được công việc tốt đã thúc đẩy anh ấy học tiếng Trung.)

5.  plan to move (Kế hoạch chuyển tới California của Susan làm bố mẹ cô ấy tức giận.)

Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences, using the nouns in brackets and a to -infinitive phrase.

1.  I know how to deal with the problem. (way)

I know                                                    .

2.  It's surprising that Mai can speak five foreign languages. (ability)

Mai's                                                    .

3.  The students were not allowed to use materials in the examination room. (permission)

 The students couldn't                                                      .

He tried very hard to overcome difficulties and that makes us surprised. (effort) His            .

4.  We didn't know that Mark was going to change his job. (plan)

 We didn't know                                                    .

5.  That she decided to participate in the contest surprised all of us. (decision)

Her                                                    .

Bài 7:

1.  I know the way to deal with the problem.

2.  Mai's ability to speak five foreign languages is surprising.

3.  The students couldn't get permission to use materials in the examination room

4.  His effort to overcome difficulties makes us surprised.

5.  We didn't know about Mark's plan to change his job.

6.  Her decision to participate in the contest surprised all of us.

 

Bài 8: Choose the best answer

1.  I was not allowed to stay outside overnight.

A.   I didn't have to stay outside overnight.

B.  I had no permission to stay outside overnight.

2.  Don't expect that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable.

A.   Everyone is reasonable to agree with you.

B.  It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree with you.

3.  Watch this film. It is very useful.

A.   It is very useful to watch this film.

B.  Watch this film is very useful.

4.  My sister is able to solve every problem quickly.

A.   My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly.

B.  It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly.

5.  We can't find a suitable candidate for this position. That is difficult.

A.   It is difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position.

B.  It was difficult for US to find a suitable candidate for this position.

6.  She has determination to achieve the goal.

A.   It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal.

B.  She is determined to achieve the goal.

7.  I don't know how to use this washing machine.

A.   I don't know the way how to use this machine.

B.  I don't know the way to use this washing machine.

8.  Don't touch that button. It is dangerous.

A.   It is dangerous not to touch that button.

B.  It is dangerous to touch that button.

Bài 8:

1.  B (Tôi không được phép ở lại bên ngoài qua đêm.)

2.  B (Vô lý khi mong chờ mọi người sẽ đồng tình với bạn.)

3.  A (Rất hữu ích khi xem bộ phim này.)

4.  A (Chị tôi có khả năng giải quyết mọi vấn đề nhanh chóng.)

5.  A (Thật khó với chúng tôi để tìm ra thí sinh phù hợp cho vị trí này.)

6.  B (Cô ấy quyết tâm đạt được mục tiêu.)

7.  B (Tôi không biết cách sử dụng máy giặt này.)

8.  B (Thật là nguy hiểm khi chạm vào cái nút đó.) 

 

Bài 9: Complete the letter by choosing the best answer in brackets.

Dear Daisy,

My parents and I are (1) (glad, disappointed, sad) to know that you passed the final exam with flying colors. Congratulations! I think that with your excellence, your (2) (decisive, dream, advice) to become a good doctor will come true.

My younger sister was really (3) (surprised, ability, determined) to receive a hair curling machine from you on her birthday and she asked me to say "thank you" to you. However, she doesn't know the (4) (chance, way, permission) to use that machine. It seems (5) (difficult, chance, easy) for her to use it.


I am excited that you're going to visit my beautiful city. I want to show you my (6) (willing, willingness, demand) to take you to famous places.

We're looking forward to seeing you. It will be (7) (nice, unreasonable, necessity) for me to welcome you to my house.

Write me soon and confirm your arrival date and time.

Love, 

Lisa

Bài 9:

1.  glad (Tớ và bố mẹ tớ rất vui khi biết cậu đã vượt qua kì thi với kết quả cao.)

2.  dream (... ước mơ của bạn trở thành một bác sĩ giỏi sẽ thành hiện thực.)

3.  surprised (Em gái tớ thực sự rất bất ngờ khi nhận được máy uốn tóc cậu gửi tặng vào ngày sinh nhật...)

4.  way (Tuy nhiên, em tớ không biết cách sử dụng máy đó.)

5.  difficult (Dường như với cô ấy để sử dụng nó.)

6.  willingness (Tớ muốn cậu thấy tớ rất sẵn lòng dẫn cậu đến những nơi nổi tiếng.)

7.  nice (Sẽ rất tuyệt với tớ khi được chào đón cậu đến thăm nhà tớ.)

 

Bài 10: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the given words (use n/adj+ to V)

1.    I am                    the result of the exam too late, (disappointment, receive)

2.  It is important for you                     confidence in yourself, (having)

3.  Her                    the secret causes a lot of trouble for her. (fail, kept)

4.  It was her                    abroad that inspires her to study hard, (motivate, lived)

5.  Mary is                    one of the most excellent students in her class, (happiness, became)

6.  It is                     (luck, have) good friends.

7.  Her competitor is not good, which increases her                    the champion, (chance, became)

8.  It is rude of him                    when his mouth is full of food, (speaker)

Bài 11: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun/ adj + to V" and the given words in brackets.

1.  Lan is excited that she wins the first prize in the competition. (excited)

.

2.  My wife was very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised)

.

3.  I was very happy that I met my old friends again. (happy)

.

4.  He is determined that he can find the best solution to this problem. (determined)

.

5.  The room needs cleaning by Ms. Brown this afternoon. (necessary)

.

6.  She finds it interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting)

.

Bài 10:

1.  disappointed to receive                 5. happy to become

2.  to have                                           6. lucky to have

3.  failure to keep                               7. chance to become

4.  motivation to live                          8. to speak

 

Bài 12: Rewrite the following sentences using "noun + to V" and the given words in brackets.

1.  They want to beat US, but that seems unrealistic. (goal)

.

2.  Tim always tries hard to finish his homework on time. (effort)

.

3.  Nobody knew that she had always wanted to become a teacher. (dream)

.

4.  She has a lot of friends because she's willing to help others unconditionally. (because of, willingness)


.

5.She decided to take part in the contest. (decision)

.

 

Bài 11:

1.  Lan is excited to win the first prize in the competition. (Lan rất phấn khởi khi giành giải nhất của cuộc

thi.)

 

2.  My wife was very surprised to hearthat I had won a lottery. (Vợ tôi rất ngạc nhiên khi nghe tin tôi trúng xổ số.)

3.  I was very happy to meet my old friends. (Tôi rất vui khi gặp lại những người bạn cũ.)

 

4.  He is determined to find the best solution to this problem. (Anh ấy quyết tâm tìm ra giải pháp tốt nhất

cho vấn đề này.)

 

5.  It is necessary for Ms Brown to clean the room this afternoon. (Thật cần thiết để cô Brown lau chùi

căn phòng vào chiều nay.)

 

6.  It is interesting for her to study and listen to music at the same time. (Cô ấy thấy thú vị khi vừa học vừa

nghe nhạc.)

 

Bài 12:

1.   Their goal to beat us seems unrealistic (Mục tiêu của họ đánh bại chúng tôi dường như không thiết thực.)

2.   Tim always makes every effort to finish his homework on time. (Tim luôn cố gắng hoàn thành bài tập về nhà đúng giờ.)

3.   Nobody knew about her dream to become a teacher. (Không ai biết về ước trở thành giáo viên của

cô ấy.)

4.   She has a lot of friends because of her willingness to help others unconditionally. (Cô ấy nhiều bạn

vì cô ấy sẵn sàng giúp đỡ người khác vô điều kiện.)

5.  She made a decision to take part in the contest. (Cô ấy đã quyết định tham gia vào cuộc thi.)


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