UNIT 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT - TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 11
UNIT 3. BECOMING INDEPENDENT
Sống tự lập
Vocabulary
1.confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ (a): tự tin
2. cope with /kəʊp/ (v): đương đầu với
3. decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (a): quyết đooán
4. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/(a): quyết tâm
5. housekeeping /ˈhaʊskiːpɪŋ/ (n): công việc gia đình, việc nhà
6. humanitarian /hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/ (a): nhân đạo
7. interpersonal /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/ (a): liên nhân
8. motivated/ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): có động lực, động cơ, tích cực
9. prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): ưu tiên
10. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/(a): có thể tin cậy được
11. self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ (n): tinh thần tự
giác
12. self-esteem /ˌself ɪˈstiːm/ (n): tự tôn, tự trọng
13. self-reliant /ˌself rɪˈlaɪənt/ (n): tự lực
14. strive /straɪv/ (v): cố gắng, nỗ lực
15. time management /taɪmˈmænɪdʒmənt/ (n.p): quản lý thời
gian
16. well-informed /ˌwel ɪnˈfɔːmd/ (a): thạo tin, hiểu biết
17. wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ (adv): (một cách) khôn
ngoan
18. protective /prəˈtektɪv/ (adj): che chở, bảo vệ
Grammar :
A. GRAMMAR
1. To-infinitives
after adjectives
* Form 1:
Noun/ Pronoun + linking verb + adjective + to
-infinitive
Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau một số tính từ để miêu tả cảm xúc của ai đó liên
quan
đến hành động được diễn tả, tức là "ai đó thấy thế nào
khi làm gì đó".
Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là:
afraid |
content |
glad |
sad |
amazed |
delighted |
grateful |
shocked |
anxious |
determined |
happy
lucky |
sorry |
ashamed |
disappointed |
pleased |
surprised |
bound careful |
eager eligible |
proud ready |
terrified |
certain |
frightened |
reluctant |
|
E.g:
- I am afraid to go out
alone.
- The boy is lucky to be born in a rich family.
- They are happy to see their old friends again.
Những động từ "to
hear, to see, to learn, to discover, to find" thường được sử dụng sau
một số tính từ như "glad, happy,
delighted, disappointed, surprised, sorry".
E.g:
-
She is glad to
hear that news.
- They are surprised to learn that their daughter had
quit her job.
* Form
2: It + linking verb + adjective (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive
Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc với chủ ngữ "it" để đưa ra bình luận,
đánh giá tính chất của hành động.
Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này là: easy, difficult, hard, interesting, boring,
nice, great, good, possible, impossible, likely, important, necessary,
unreasonable.
E.g:
- It is impossible for me to finish the report on time.
- It was necessary to go there.
* Form
3: It + linking verb + adjective + of somebody + to -infinitive
Các tính từ được sử dụng trong cấu trúc này với giới từ
"of" là các tính từ miêu tả cách cư xử hoặc khả năng của ai đó: right, wrong, nice, kind, clever,
intelligent, silly, stupid
E.g:
-
It is kind of you
to help me.
- It was silly of her to spend all her money.
2. To-infinitives
after nouns
* Form 1: Noun
+ to -infinitive
Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to" sau 1 số danh từ trừu
tượng để nói về những hành động mà chúng liên quan.
Các danh từ thường gặp trong dạng này là:
ability |
chance |
failure |
permission |
reminder |
advice |
choice |
goal |
plan |
request |
agreement |
decision |
intention |
preparation |
requirement |
ambition |
demand |
motivation |
promise |
suggestion |
anxiety |
desire |
need |
proposal |
tendency |
appeal |
determination |
offer |
recommendation |
way |
arrangement |
dream |
opportunity |
refusal |
willingness |
attempt |
eagerness |
order |
reluctance |
wish |
E.g:
- My decision to close the company was a difficult one
to make.
- They gave me an opportunity to escape.
- I have a desire to live abroad.
Lưu ý: Sau danh từ "way"
ta có thể dùng "of V-ing" hoặc
"to infinitive" E.g: There
is noway of stopping/to stop him from talking in class.
* Form
2: It + linking verb + noun phrase (+ for somebody) + to -infinitive E.g:
-
It is a difficult
question to answer.
- It would be a pity for us to lose such a good player.
Ngoài ra, ta có thể dùng cụm danh từ (noun phrase + to infinitive) để diễn tả
sự cần thiết hoặc khả năng
làm gì.
E.g:
-
There is a lot of
work to do on the farm. (= There is a lot of work that we need to do on the farm.)
- Let's get something to eat. (= Let's get something
that we can eat.)
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the
box.
delighted shocked bound about hesitant sorry
1. He was very to
go back there after what had happened.
2. I'm to
have to say this, but we're going to have to let you go.
3. She was to hear the news of his
death. He was so young!
4. He was to learn that he had been promoted.
5.
You're to do well because you
are intelligent.
6. They're to
have a baby. It's due any day now.
Bài 1:
1. hesitant (Anh
ấy do dự về việc quay lại đó sau những chuyện đã xảy ra.)
2. sorry (Tôi
rất tiếc phải nói điều này, nhưng chúng tôi sẽ phải để bạn đi.)
3. shocked (Cô
ấy đã rất sốc khi nghe tin anh ấy chết. Anh ấy còn quá trẻ!)
4. delighted (Anh ấy rất vui sướng khi biết mình đã được thăng tiến.)
5. bound (Bạn
chắc sẽ làm tốt vì bạn rất thông minh.)
6. about (Họ
sắp có em bé rồi. Gần đến ngày rồi.)
Bài 2: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words
from the box.
ashamed | motivated | happy | astonished | likely |
lucky | keen | proud | ready | determined |
1. I'm to
be able to give you the good news that you've all passed.
2. She was so to
get this job. It's really great.
3. Linda is
really to be the
mother of such a successful young man.
4. Is everybody to
go? The bus is waiting outside.
5. Sarah is very to
win this race. Her practice times were excellent.
6. She may have messed this one up, but she's
to do better next time.
7. He was to discover that women
didn't always fall for his smarmy charm.
8. He's to
go back there after what he did and said.
9. He's very
to go in for this
competition. He thinks he has a good chance.
10. My cousin doesn't seem to be to do anything with his
life.
Bài 2:key
1. happy 6. determined
2. lucky 7. astonished 3. proud 8. ashamed 4. ready 9. keen |
5. likely 10. motivated
Bài 3: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.
fortunate reluctant relieved surprised afraid eager careful upset
1.
He was very
not to say anything
about the divorce to his mother.
2. She was rather to
hear I had broken her favourite vase.
3. She's very
to move to another
city when she has so many friends here.
4. He was very to
find out that he didn't have to go to court.
5.
We were very
to see him at the
hotel with his secretary.
6. She was to start work as soon as possible.
7. I was very to
have had parents who gave me a lot of encouragement.
8. I'm to
go in there; you know what he's like.
Bài 3:
1. careful (Anh
ấy đã rất thận trọng không nói gì về việc ly hôn với mẹ mình.)
2. upset (Cô
ấy hơi buồn khi nghe tôi đã làm vỡ cái bình yêu thích của cô ấy.)
3. reluctant (Cô ấy bất đắc dĩ phải chuyển đến thành phố khác khi mà cô ấy có rất
nhiều bạn bè ở đây.)
4. relieved (Anh
ấy cảm thấy nhẹ lòng khi biết không phải đi đến tòa.)
5. surprised (Chúng tôi rất ngạc nhiên khi nhìn thấy anh ấy ở khách sạn với thư kí
của mình.)
6. eager (Cô
ấy đã rất hào hứng bắt đầu công việc càng sớm càng tốt.)
7. fortunate (Tôi rất may mắn khi có bố mẹ luôn ủng hộ tôi.)
8. afraid (Tôi
sợ đi vào trong đó; bạn biết tính cách anh ấy thế nào mà.)
Bài 4: Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.
unhappy ashamed able due angry unable
1. Mark was very to
discover that his wife was having an affair.
2.
They were very
to learn that their
daughter was in trouble.
3. The report is
to be published
next week.
4. It's great! We were to
find a real holiday bargain.
5. I am to
say that I can't remember your name.
6. We regret we are to
extend your overdraft.
Bài 4:
1.
angry 4. able
2.
unhappy 5. ashamed
3.
due 6. Unable
Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with "for" or "of".
1. It was really stupid you
to get involved.
2. It's unusual him
to behave in this way.
3. It was necessary us to solve this question as soon as possible.
4. It is wrong him
to get so angry over such a little thing.
5.
Isn't it
possible you to
arrive on time occasionally?
6. It's hard her
to make a living from her business.
7. It was so clever you to think of doing it like that.
8. It was important him to realise how serious this was.
9. It was right her
to complain. I'd have done the same.
10. It is so kind you to look after the children for the afternoon.
desire to get
decision to drop
Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the given phrases in the box.
1.
We were
surprised at his US
with the project.
2. Her out
of school is a difficult one to make.
3. Studying in the USA gives you an your English skills.
4. It was his a
good job that motivated him to study Chinese.
5. Susan's to
California made her parents angry.
Bài 6:
1. offer to help (Chúng tôi rất ngạc nhiên với lời đề nghị của anh ấy sẽ giúp đỡ chúng tôi thực hiện dự
án.)
2. decision to drop (Quyết định bỏ học của cô ấy là quyết định khó khăn đối với cô ấy.)
3. opportunity to improve (Học ở Mỹ cho bạn cơ hội để cải thiện kĩ năng tiếng Anh của mình.)
4. desire to get (Chính mong muốn có được công việc tốt đã thúc đẩy anh ấy học tiếng Trung.)
5. plan to move (Kế hoạch chuyển tới California của Susan làm bố mẹ cô ấy tức giận.)
Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences, using the nouns in
brackets and a to -infinitive phrase.
1. I know how to deal with the problem. (way)
I know .
2.
It's
surprising that Mai can speak five foreign languages. (ability)
Mai's .
3.
The students
were not allowed to use materials in the examination room. (permission)
The students couldn't
.
He tried very hard to overcome
difficulties and that makes us surprised. (effort) His .
4.
We didn't
know that Mark was going to change his job. (plan)
We didn't know .
5.
That she
decided to participate in the contest surprised all of us. (decision)
Her .
Bài 7:
1. I know the way to deal with the problem.
2. Mai's ability to speak five foreign
languages is surprising.
3. The students couldn't get permission to use
materials in the examination room
4. His effort to overcome difficulties makes us surprised.
5. We didn't know about Mark's plan to change
his job.
6. Her decision to participate in the contest
surprised all of us.
Bài 8: Choose the best answer
1. I was not allowed to stay outside overnight.
A. I didn't have to stay outside overnight.
B. I had no permission to stay outside overnight.
2.
Don't expect
that everyone will agree with you. That is unreasonable.
A. Everyone is reasonable to agree with you.
B. It is unreasonable to expect that everyone will agree
with you.
3. Watch this film. It is very useful.
A. It is very useful to watch this film.
B. Watch this film is very useful.
4. My sister is able to solve every problem quickly.
A. My sister has the ability to solve every problem quickly.
B. It is hard for my sister to solve every problem quickly.
5. We can't find a suitable candidate for this position.
That is difficult.
A. It is difficult for US to find a suitable candidate
for this position.
B. It was difficult for US to find a suitable candidate
for this position.
6. She has determination to achieve the goal.
A. It was her determination that helped her achieve the goal.
B. She is determined to achieve the goal.
7. I don't know how to use this washing machine.
A. I don't know the way how to use this machine.
B. I don't know the way to use this washing machine.
8. Don't touch that button. It is dangerous.
A. It is dangerous not to touch that button.
B. It is dangerous to touch that button.
Bài 8:
1. B (Tôi
không được phép ở lại bên ngoài qua đêm.)
2. B (Vô
lý khi mong chờ mọi người sẽ đồng tình với bạn.)
3. A (Rất
hữu ích khi xem bộ phim này.)
4. A (Chị
tôi có khả năng giải quyết mọi vấn đề nhanh chóng.)
5. A (Thật
khó với chúng tôi để tìm ra thí sinh phù hợp cho vị trí này.)
6. B (Cô
ấy quyết tâm đạt được mục tiêu.)
7. B (Tôi
không biết cách sử dụng máy giặt này.)
8. B (Thật là nguy hiểm khi chạm vào cái nút đó.)
Bài 9: Complete the letter by choosing the best
answer in brackets.
Dear Daisy,
My parents and I are (1) (glad, disappointed, sad) to know that you
passed the final exam with flying colors. Congratulations! I think that with
your excellence, your (2) (decisive, dream, advice) to become a good doctor
will come true.
My younger sister was really (3) (surprised, ability, determined) to
receive a hair curling machine from you on her birthday and she asked me to say
"thank you" to you. However, she doesn't know the (4) (chance, way,
permission) to use that machine. It seems (5) (difficult, chance, easy) for her
to use it.
I am excited that
you're going to visit my beautiful city. I want to show you my (6) (willing,
willingness, demand) to take you to famous places.
We're looking
forward to seeing you. It will be (7) (nice, unreasonable, necessity) for me to
welcome you to my house.
Write me soon and confirm your arrival date and time.
Love,
Lisa
Bài 9:
1. glad (Tớ
và bố mẹ tớ rất vui khi biết cậu đã vượt qua kì thi với kết quả cao.)
2. dream (...
ước mơ của bạn trở thành một bác sĩ giỏi sẽ thành hiện thực.)
3. surprised (Em gái tớ thực sự rất bất ngờ khi nhận được máy uốn tóc cậu gửi tặng
vào ngày sinh nhật...)
4. way (Tuy
nhiên, em tớ không biết cách sử dụng máy đó.)
5. difficult (Dường như với cô ấy để sử dụng nó.)
6. willingness (Tớ muốn cậu thấy tớ rất sẵn lòng dẫn cậu đến những nơi nổi tiếng.)
7. nice (Sẽ
rất tuyệt với tớ khi được chào đón cậu đến thăm nhà tớ.)
Bài 10: Fill in the blank with the correct form of
the given words (use n/adj+ to V)
1. I am the
result of the exam too late, (disappointment,
receive)
2. It is important for you confidence
in yourself, (having)
3. Her the
secret causes a lot of trouble for her. (fail,
kept)
4. It was her abroad
that inspires her to study hard, (motivate, lived)
5. Mary is one of the most excellent
students in her class, (happiness, became)
6. It is (luck,
have) good friends.
7. Her competitor is not good, which increases
her the
champion, (chance, became)
8. It is rude of
him when his
mouth is full of food, (speaker)
Bài 11: Rewrite the following sentences using
"noun/ adj + to V" and the given words in brackets.
1. Lan is excited that she wins the first prize in the
competition. (excited)
.
2.
My wife was
very surprised when she heard that I had won a lottery. (surprised)
.
3.
I was very
happy that I met my old friends again. (happy)
.
4.
He is
determined that he can find the best solution to this problem. (determined)
.
5.
The room
needs cleaning by Ms. Brown this afternoon.
(necessary)
.
6.
She finds it
interesting to study and listen to music at the same time. (interesting)
.
Bài 10:
1. disappointed to
receive 5. happy to become
2. to have 6. lucky to have
3. failure to
keep 7. chance to become
4. motivation
to live 8. to
speak
Bài 12: Rewrite the following sentences using
"noun + to V" and the given words in brackets.
1. They want to beat US, but that seems unrealistic. (goal)
.
2.
Tim always
tries hard to finish his homework on time. (effort)
.
3.
Nobody knew
that she had always wanted to become a teacher. (dream)
.
4.
She has a lot
of friends because she's willing to help others unconditionally. (because of, willingness)
.
5.She decided to take part in the
contest. (decision)
.
Bài 11:
1. Lan is excited to win the first prize in the
competition. (Lan rất phấn khởi khi giành
giải nhất của cuộc
thi.)
2. My wife was very surprised to
hearthat I had won a lottery. (Vợ tôi rất
ngạc nhiên khi nghe tin tôi trúng xổ số.)
3. I was very happy to meet my old friends. (Tôi rất vui khi gặp lại những người bạn cũ.)
4. He is determined to find the best solution to this
problem. (Anh ấy quyết tâm tìm ra giải
pháp tốt nhất
cho vấn đề này.)
5. It is necessary for Ms Brown to clean the room this
afternoon. (Thật cần thiết để cô Brown
lau chùi
căn phòng vào chiều nay.)
6. It is interesting for her to study and listen to music
at the same time. (Cô ấy thấy thú vị khi
vừa học vừa
nghe nhạc.)
Bài 12:
1.
Their goal to beat us seems unrealistic (Mục tiêu của họ đánh bại chúng tôi dường như không thiết thực.)
2.
Tim always makes every effort to finish his homework on time.
(Tim luôn cố gắng hoàn thành bài tập về
nhà đúng giờ.)
3. Nobody knew about her dream to become a teacher. (Không ai biết về ước mơ trở thành giáo viên của
cô ấy.)
4. She has a lot of friends because of her willingness to help others unconditionally. (Cô ấy có nhiều bạn
vì cô ấy sẵn sàng giúp đỡ người
khác vô điều kiện.)
5. She made a decision to take part in the contest. (Cô ấy đã quyết định tham gia vào cuộc thi.)