UNIT 10: ECOTOURIM - TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP - TIẾNG ANH 10

UNIT 10: ECOTOURIM ( DU LỊCH SINH THÁI )

VOCABULARY

1.adapt /əˈdæpt/ (v): sửa lại cho phù hợp, thích nghi

2. biosphere reserve /ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r)rɪˈzɜːv/(n): khu dự trữ sinh quyển

3. discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ (v) : thải ra, xả ra

4. eco-friendly /ˌiːkəʊˈfrendli/(adj): thân thiện với môi trường

5. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ (n): hệ sinh thái

6. ecotourism /ˈiːkəʊtʊərɪzəm/ (n) : du lịch sinh thái

7. entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/(v): tiếp đãi, giải trí

8. exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ (adj) : từ nước ngoài dựa vào; đẹp kì lạ

9. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/ (n): hệ động vật

10. flora /ˈflɔːrə/(n): hệ thực vật

11. impact /ˈɪmpækt/(n): ảnh hưởng

12. sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj): không gây hại cho môi trường; bền vững

13. tour guide /tʊə(r)ɡaɪd/ (n): hướng dẫn viên du lịch

 GRAMMAR

Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, hành động có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đén xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm 2 mệnh đề: mệnh đề “if” nêu lên điều kiện và mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính.

*CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1 AND 2 ( CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 VÀ LOẠI 2)

1. Conditional sentences type 1 ( Câu điều kiện loại 1)

Use: Chỉ sự việc, hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai. ( Câu điều kiện có thực )

Form:

If clause	Main clause
If + S + V ( Present tense) ….	S + will/ can/ may/ might + V ( bare - inf )

 

E.g:  If I get the scholarship, I will study in England. ( Nếu tôi nhận được học bổng thì tôi sẽ học ở nước Anh.)

If the weather is nice, I will go fishing. ( Nếu thời tiết đẹp thì tôi sẽ đi câu cá )

If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. ( Nếu tôi tìm thấy địa chỉ của cô ấy thì tôi sẽ gửi thiệp mời cho cô ấy.)

- Đảo ngữ:  If + S + V ( present tense), …. = Should + S + V bare-inf, …..

E.g: If he calls me, I’ll answer immediately = Should he call me, I’ll answer immediately. ( Nếu anh ấy có gọi tôi thì tôi sẽ trả lời ngay lập tức. )

2. Conditional type 2 ( Câu điều kiện loại 2 )

Use: Chỉ sự việc , hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giải thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với thực tế ở hiện tại ( Câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại )

Form:

If clause	Main clause
If + S + V ( past tense )/ could + V (bare - inf) ….	S + would/ could + V (bare-inf)….

 

E.g: If I were a millionaire, I would buy that house. ( Nếu tôi là một triệu phú, tôi sẽ mua ngôi nhà đó.)

If I had money, I could buy a new car. ( Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi có thể mua được ô tô mới.)

*Note: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2 thì động từ to be “were” thường được dùng với tất cả các chủ ngữ. Tuy nhiên, “was” vẫn có thể được sử dụng.

- Đảo ngữ: Were + S + to + V-inf, S + would + V-inf

E.g:  If  I learnt Korean, I would sing a Korean song, = Were I to learn Korean, I would sing a Korean song. ( Nếu tôi học tiếng Hàn Quốc, tôi sẽ hát được bài hát tiếng Hàn.)

3. Conditional sentences in reported speech ( Câu điều kiện gián tiếp )

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật ( gián tiếp ), động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 1 ( conditional type 1 ) được chia theo loại 2 (conditional type 2 ), câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 không thay đổi dạng động từ.

E.g

“ I’ll will come to see you if I have time”, the man said to her.

-> The man said to her ( that ) he would come to see her if he had time.

“What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?”, they asked me.

-> They asked me what I would say if someone stepped on my feet.

“ If you had asked me, I would have lent you my laptop”, my brother said to me.

-> My brother said to me ( that ) if I had asked him, he would have lent me his laptop.

 

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN – ANSWER KEY

Bài 1: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form.

1. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _____will you stay ____?

2. If you ( swim )___swim _____ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.

3. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose)_____would choose___.

4. The flight may be cancelled if the fog ( get ) ___gets____ thick.

5. If the milkman ( come ) ______comes______, tell him to leave two pints.

Bài 2: Choose the correct answer in the brackets.

1. If you ( turn/ turns/ could turn ) the volume down, the music ( sounded/ would sound/ would sounded) clearer.

2. Your pencils ( broke not/ didn’t break/ wouldn’t break)  if you ( pack/ would pack/ packed) your  school bad more carefully.

3. If the girls ( goed/ went/ could went ) to bed earlier, they ( yawned not/ wouldn’t yawn/ won’t yawn) all through the lesson.

4. ( Would you like/ like you/ will you like ) a car if you ( has/ had/ have ) the money?

5. If Bill ( closes/ closed/ will close ) the window, it ( wouldn’t be/ won’t be/ isn’t) so cold in the kitchen.

Bài 3: Combine the two sentences using conditional sentences.

1 . They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution

-> If they ____understood the lesson they would find a solution ________.

2. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.

-> If he ____didn’t sit around too much, he would be  fit.______.

3. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.

-> If she __weren’t very thin, she would not feel cold so much  ___.

4. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart.

-> If he _____ polished polishes his shoes,   he would  look smart.____.

5. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car.

-> If he ___ could park near his office , he would come by  car _.

Bài 4: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

1. “ If I catch the plane I’ll be home by four o’clock” she said.

____She said  if she caught the plane she would  be home by four o’clock ____

2. “You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.” My mother said.

_____My mother advised me to stay in bed if I  felt unwell

3. “What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Nga?” Huyen asked.

_____ Huyen asked Nga What she would do if Nga  was having a problem with grammar

4. “If I were you, I’d stop smoking,” she said to her brother.

___ she asked her brother to stop smoking/ she said to her brother that if she were him, she would stop smoking

5. “I’d have been in bad trouble if Lan hadn’t helped me,” he said.

____He said he would have been in bad trouble if Lan hadn’t helped him ___

Bài 5: Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence given.

1. I don’t see you very often because you live so far away.

-> If you ____didn’t live so far away, I would see you very often __

2. I don’t have enough money, so I’m not going to buy that skirt.

-> I’d ____ buy that skirt if I had enough money. _______

3. We don’t practice English very often - We can’t communicate with foreigners.

-> If we ____ practiced English very often ,  We could  communicate with foreigners _ _____

4. I can’t meet you tomorrow - I have to work late.

-> If ____ I didn’t have to work late, I could meet you tomorrow

5. I don’t want her advice, and that’s  why I’m not going to ask for it.

-> If ___ I wanted her advice,   I would ask for it

BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 6: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form. ( Conditional sentences )

1. If you come with me, I ____WILL DO ______ (do) the shopping with you.

2. Tom ___WILL HELP________(help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.

3. If it ___RAINS _______(rain), I will stay at home.

4. Our teacher will be happy if we ___LEARN_______( learn) the letter by heart.

5. If they had enough money, they __WOULD BUY__________( buy ) a new house.

6. They ___WOULD PASS________ ( pass ) the exam if they studied harder.

7. If Nick __REPAIRED__ ( repair ) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.

8. She would get 50 pounds if she __SOLD__(sell) this old computer.

9. If I were you, I ___WOULD INVITE____( invite ) John to the party.

10. If the weather ___IS____(be) fine, the children can walk to school.

Bài 7: Choose the correct answer in the brackets.

1. If I ( listen/ listens/ will listen) to classical music, I (writes/ writes/ can write) good poems.

2. Sally (look/ looks/ must look) after her baby brother if her father ( go/ goes/ with go ) jogging.

3. If you (take/ takes/ will take) the train, you ( arrive/ arrive/ should arrive ) in Hanoi before 8 pm.

4. The girls ( hurry/ hurries/ should hurry) if they ( book/ books/ haven’t booked) the tickets yet.

5. If Mark ( do/ does/ will do ) that, Sue ( scream/ screamed/ will scream ).

Bài 8: Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form.

1. If I had time, I (go) shopping with you.                                                     WOULD GO

2. If you (speak) English, you will get along with them perfectly.                SPEAK

3. If she (come ) to see us, we will go to the zoo.                                          COMES

4. I would (tell) you, if I saw him.                                                                  TELL

5. Would you mind if I (open) the window?                                                  OPENED

6. My friend will meet me at the station if he (get) the afternoon off.           GETS

7. If I (not do) it, nobody would do it.                                                            DIDN’T DO

8. If my mother (not pick) me up, I’ll take the bus home.                              DOESN’T PICK

Bài 9: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the  underlined part that needs correction.

1. If we (A) have time (B) in the weekend, we (C) will come (D) to see you.

2. If I (A) am you, I would (B) follow (C) his (D) advice.

3. He can (A) pass (B) the exam if he (C) studied (D) hard.

4. What (A) do you (B) do if you won (C) the first prize of (D) the lottery?

5. Would people (A) be able (B) to fly, if they (C) have feathers (D) instead of hair?

Bài 10: Rearrange the words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.

1. not / if / does / rain / it / we /, /go / out / will / for / walk / a /.

___ if it doesn’t rain, we will go out for a walk _______

2. there / if / plant / more / we / trees / , /be / more / will / animals / this / in / area /.

If we plant more trees, there will be more animals in this area.

3. earn / unless / works / he / hard / , / will / nothing / he /.

Unless he works hard, he will earn nothing

4. if / I / accept / that / were / company’s / would / offer / I / Alex/.

I would accept that company’s offer if I were Alex.

5. following / they / that / device / that / would / announced / be / produced / the / year /.

They announced that the device would be produced the following year.