UNIT 1. FAMILY LIFE - TỪ VỰNG - NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH 10

A.    New words    

1.      breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r)/ (n)người trụ cột gia đình                     

2.      chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n)        việc nhà, việc lặt vặt             

3.      collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ (v)  cộng tác                     

4.      consider /kənˈsɪdər/ (v)         xem xét, cân nhắc                 

5.      contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ (v)    đóng góp                   

6.      divorce/dɪˈvɔːrs/ (v)   ly dị               

7.      divide/dɪˈvaɪd/ (v)      chia, tách        

8.      benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n): lợi ích

9.      breadwinner /ˈbredwɪnə(r)/ (n): người trụ cột đi làm nuôi cả gia đình

10.  chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n): công việc vặt trong nhà, việc nhà

11.  contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ (v): đóng góp

12.  critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ (a): hay phê phán, chỉ trích; khó tính

13.  enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ (a): to lớn, khổng lồ

14.  equally shared parenting /ˈiːkwəli - ʃeə(r)d - ˈpeərəntɪŋ/ (np): chia sẻ đều công việc nội trợ và chăm sóc con cái

15.  extended family /ɪkˈstendɪd - ˈfæməli/ (np): gia đình lớn gồm nhiều thế hệ chung sống

16.  (household) finances /ˈhaʊshəʊld - ˈfaɪnæns / (np): tài chính, tiền nong (của gia đình)

17.  financial burden /faɪˈnænʃl - ˈbɜːdn/ (np): gánh nặng về tài chính, tiền bạc

18.  gender convergence / ˈdʒendə(r) - kənˈvɜːdʒəns/(np): các giới tính trở nên có nhiều điểm chung

19.  grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/ (n): thực phẩm và tạp hóa

20.  heavy lifting /ˌhevi ˈlɪftɪŋ/ (np): mang vác nặng

21.  homemaker /ˈhəʊmmeɪkə(r)/ (n): người nội trợ

22.  iron /ˈaɪən/ (v): là/ ủi (quần áo)

23.  laundry /ˈlɔːndri/ (n): quần áo, đồ giặt là/ ủi

24.  lay ( the table for meals) /leɪ/ : dọn cơm

25.  nuclear family /ˌnjuːkliə ˈfæməli/ (np): gia đình nhỏ chỉ gồm có bố mẹ và con cái chung sống

26.  nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə(r)/ (v): nuôi dưỡng

27.  responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ (n): trách nhiệm

 

B. GRAMMAR

I. PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

1. Cấu trúc (Form)

Affirmative (Khẳng định)	Negative (Phủ định)	Interrogative (Nghi vấn)
S + V (s/es) + (O).	S + do/does + not + V (bare- inf) + (O).	Do/ Does + S + V (bare-inf) + (O)?
She does the housework every day.	She doesn’t do the housework every day.	Does she do the housework every day?

2. Cách dùng (Use)

- Diễn tả thói quen hoặc hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại (habits or regular actions)

     E.g: We visit our grandparents every Sunday. (Chúng tôi thường đến thăm ông bà vào mỗi ngày chủ nhật.)

- Diễn tả các tình huống/ sự việc mang tính chất lâu dài, bền vững (permanent situations)

     E.g: I come from Hanoi City.

- Diễn tả chân lý/ sự thật hiển nhiên (general truths and facts)

     E.g: Broken bones in adults don’t heal as fast as they do in children. (Xương bị gãy ở người lớn lâu lành hơn ở trẻ em.)

- Diễn tả lịch trình, thời gian biểu mang ý nghĩa tương lai (timetables: future sense)

     E.g: The train arrives at 7 o’clock. (Tàu hỏa đến lúc 7 giờ đúng.)

- Diễn tả tình trạng, cảm xúc, suy nghĩ tại thời điểm hiện tại. Cách dùng này thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tình trạng (stative verbs) như:

to know: biết	to understand : hiểu	to suppose: cho rằng	to wonder: tự hỏi
to consider: xem xét	to love: yêu	to look: trông như	to see: thấy
to appear: hình như	to seem : dường như	to think: cho rằng	to believe: tin
to doubt: nghi ngờ	to hope: hy vọng	to expect: mong đợi	to dislike: không thích
to hate: ghét	to like: thích	to remember: nhớ	to forget: quên
to recognize:    nhận ra	to worship: thờ cúng	To contain: chứa đựng	to realize: nhận ra
to taste: có vị/ nếm	to smell: có mùi	to sound: nghe có vẻ	to be: thì, là, ở

     E.g: I know the answer to this question. (Tôi biết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này.)

- Đưa ra các lời chỉ dẫn/ hướng dẫn (directions/ instructions)

     E.g: You turn left at the end of the road and then go straight. (Bạn rẽ trái ở cuối đường và sau đó đi thẳng.)

Note: Chúng ta có thể sử dụng do/ does trong thì hiện tại đơn để nhấn mạnh các hành động trong câu.

     E.g: I do like playing football. (Tôi rất thích chơi bóng đá.)       

              He does know quite a lot about technology. (Anh ta biết khá nhiều về công nghệ.)

 

3.  Trạng từ tần suất và các cụm trạng từ (Adverbs of frequency and adverbial phrases)

Trong thì hiện tại đơn thường có các trạng từ đi kèm như always, normal, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, once/ twice a week, most of the time, every day, nowadays, these days, every now and then, etc.

 

4.  Quy tắc thêm “s/ es” vào sau động từ

a.  Động từ tận cùng bằng o, s, x, z, sh, ch: ta thêm “es”.

     E.g: miss – misses  watch – watches          go - goes

b.  Động từ tận cùng bằng “y”

+ Nếu trước “y” là một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i) thì ta giữ nguyên “y” + “s”

     E.g: play-plays                    buy-buys                     stay-stays

+ Nếu trước “y” là một phụ âm thì ta đổi “ỵ” thành “i” + “es”

     E.g: fly-flies                       cry-cries                       study-studies

c. Các trường hợp còn lại

Các trường hợp không thuộc 2 nhóm trên thì ta thêm “s” vào sau động từ.

     E.g: work – works  like – likes                   remember- remembers

d. Trường hợp đặc biệt:          have - has

 

5.  Quy tắc phát âm đuôi “s/ es”

Có 3 cách phát âm của động từ có đuôi “s/es”:

- TH1: Nếu động từ có tận cùng là các âm: /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ thì ta phát âm là /ɪz/

Thường có tận cùng là các chữ cái sh, ce, s, z, ge, ch, x …

     E.g: watches /wɒtʃɪz/          washes /wɒʃɪz/

- TH2: Nếu động từ có tận cùng bằng các phụ âm vô thanh: /ð/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/ thì phát âm là /s/

     E.g: cooks /kʊks/                stops /stɒps/

- TH3: Nếu động từ có tận cùng là nguyên âm và các phụ âm hữu thanh còn lại thì ta phát âm là /z/

     E.g: loves /lʌvz/                  plays /pleɪz/

 

GRAMMAR

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

I. Put the verbs into the correct form (present simple tense).

1. Mr. Nam often (teach) teaches the dogs new tricks.

2. We always (throw) throw our litter in the bin.

3. The referee usually (stop) stops the game after 90 minutes.

4. The children (hurry) hurry to open their gifts.

5. He (speak) speaks English well.

II. Make questions for the underlined part of the sentence.

1. Daisy goes to school from Monday to Saturday.

       When does Daisy go to school?

2. My father has a cage in the garden.

       What does your father have in the garden?

3. The children like dogs because they are nice.

       Why do the children like dogs?

4. Kelly is never late.

       Who is never late?

5. Mike’s new mountain bike costs £100.

       How much does Mike’s new mountain bike cost?

III. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

wake(s) up - open(s) - speak(s) - take(s) -      do(es)  - cause(s) - live(s) - play(s)     - close(s) -

live(s) - drink(s)

1. Nick plays baseball very well.

2. I never drink coffee.

3. The swimming pool opens at 8.00 in the morning.

4. It closes at 9.00 in the evening.

5. Bad driving causes many accidents.

6. My parents  live in a very small house.

7. The Olympic Games take place every four years.

8. They are good students. They always do their homework.

9. My students speak a little French.

10. I always wake up early in the morning.

IV. Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word.

Mr. John gets up very early (1) every day. He washes his face and takes a quick shower (2) in the mornings. His best friend, Bobby, also wakes up very early. Mr. John (3) makes the breakfast for both. They both (4) don’t like drinking milk but they love eating meat. Then, Mr. John (5) takes Bobby out to the park. Mr. John (6) is a graphic designer. He (7) isn’t an office worker. He (8) works from home. He designs beautiful images for an advertising company. He (9) has lunch (10) at half past twelve. Then he (11) doesn’t start work immediately. He (12) plays with Bobby instead. After Bobby’s favorite time, he starts work again and (13) finishes in the evening. They both (14) eat meat for dinner and rest in the front of the TV. He always (15) watches his favorite TV show after dinner. He never misses it. They both go to bed late (16) at night.

V. Choose the best answer.

1. He …… trying to pass his driving test but fails every time.

          A. keeps                       B. kept                          C. is keeping                 D. had kept

2. He wonders why I never    …… abroad by plane.

          A. has travelled             B. have been travelling

          C. travel                       D. will have travelled

3. Kate …… her dog for a walk. Her brother …… it.

          A. never takes/ always does                             B. never doesn’t take/ always does

          C. never take/ does always                                 D. never don’t take/ always do

4. (have) …… the car keys? - No.

          A. You do have             B. Are you having        C. Have you                  D. Do you have

5. I suppose as we live in a very rural area, we are lucky that a train service actually …… here.

          A. takes                         B. works                       C. functions                  D. operates

VI. Put the verbs in the present continuous tense.

1. He (read) is reading a book about American history at the moment.

2. Why are you (laugh) laughing? What’s so funny?

3. I can’t help you now. I (work) am working.

4. Oh no! It (rain) is raining again.

5. Are you (watch) watching the TV or can I turn it off?

6. Bill (learn) is learning to drive at the moment. His father (teach) is teaching him.

7. Listen! The neighbors (have) are having an argument again.

8. Sally (wear) is wearing her new T-shirt today.

9. Robert! What are you (do) doing here?

10. I (not sleep) am not sleeping very well at the moment.

VII. Choose the correct answer in the bracket.

1. Marie isn’t a Canadian. I (believe/ am believing) she comes from France.

2. Look! Bin (jumps/ is jumping) into the water.

3. I (think/ am thinking) you’re crazy!

4. Don’t give Jenny any cheese. She (hates/ is hating) it!

5. I (go/ am going) to New York next Thursday. Do you want to come?

6. Once a week, I (go/ am going) to an English class at the college.

7. I (have/ am having) lunch in the cafeteria every day.

8. David is rich – he (drives/ is driving) a Mercedes.

9. You won’t find Tom at home right now. He (studies/ is studying) in the library.

10. It (snows/ is snowing) quite hard - perhaps we shouldn’t go out tonight.

VIII. Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense.

1. Emily lives and works in Paris but she (have) is having a holiday in England at the moment.

2. I wonder why the neighbor’s dog (bark) is barking again. Maybe there is a burglar!

3. Ann (get) gets up at seven o’clock every morning.

4. Then she (go) goes to have a shower before breakfast.

5. Then she (drive) drives to the beach and stays all day.

6. She  (not/ work) doesn’t work because she won the lottery last year.

7. Why (you/ learn) are you learning English this year?

8. I (live) am living with my sister for two months because she is pregnant and I can help her.

9. What (you/wear) are you wearing now? In that way, I will recognize you at the airport.

10. Kate is in the kitchen and very stressed! She       (cook) is cooking dinner for 30 people.

IX. Put the verbs in the present simple tense or present continuous tense.

1. Where’s Tim? He (listen) is listening to a new CD in his room.

2. Don’t forget to take your umbrella with you to London. You know it always (rain) rains there.

3. Emily (work) works hard all day but she (not work) isn’t working at the moment.

4. Look! That boy (run) is running after the bus. He (want) wants to catch it.

5. He (speak) speaks French so well because he (come) comes from France.

6. Look! The boss (come) is coming. We (meet) are meeting him in an hour and nothing is ready!

7. Do you usually (go) go away for Christmas or do you (stay) stay at home?

8. She (hold) is holding some roses. They (smell) smell lovely.

9. Look! It (snow) is snowing again. It always (snow) snows in this country.

10. Sally (swim) swims very well, but she (not run) doesn’t run very fast.

X. Fill in the blank with only ONE suitable word.

Lisa and her friends (1) are studying for their final exams. They are very excited for this exam as it’ll be the last exam of the term. They are studying Maths right (2) now. Mary (3) is helping the others. She is the top student in the class. She is really good at Maths. Emily is also good at Maths. She (4) isn’t studying Maths. She is (5) reading a book. They (6) aren’t talking loudly, because they are at the library at the (7) moment. Sally is (8) surfing the net for extra exercises. They are (9) trying to solve her exercises. They are all (10) helping each other to pass the class with high marks.

BÀI TẬPTỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

XI. Choose the correct answer in the bracket.

1. I have to change my shoes. These (are killing/ kill) me. I’m sure I have a blister.

2. I feel lost. I’ve just finished a really good novel and now I (do not read/ am not reading) anything.

3. Coming to London for Christmas was a great idea. I (love/ am loving) it here.

4. The company (is moving/ moves) its offices to a bigger building next month.

5. John (gives/ is giving) a lecture on social media at university every Wednesday. You should come.

6. Sally (always interrupts/ is always interrupting) me when I speak. It’s so irritating.

7. Can you help me with this exercise or (are you being busy/ are you busy)?

8. I (hate/ am hating) people who never really listen to what you saỵ.

XII. Put the verbs in the correct form (present simple/ present continuous tense).

1. I’m in New York because I (study) am studying English at a language school.

2. At the moment Linda (lie) is lying on the floor.

3. I usually (work) work as a teacher.

4. I hate living in Hue City because it always (rain) rains there.

5. I am sorry I can’t hear what you (say) are saying because everyone (talk) is talking so loudly.

6. Jimmy (currently write) is currently writing about his adventures.

7. (you want) Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?

8. A famous company in this country (make) makes the delicious chocolate.

9. Look, I (have) have two tickets for the film.

10. Look, I (hold) am holding two tickets for the film.

11. Compaq (make) makes computers but it (not make) doesn’t make cars.

12. At present, the yen (fall) is falling against the dollar.

13. Computers (become) are becoming more and more popular these days.

14. Everyone   (need) needs money. It is very necessary.

15. This milk (not taste) doesn’t taste fresh.

16. This afternoon I    (see) am seeing my doctor about my health.

17. How is your cold today? It (sound) sounds slightly better than yesterday.

18. He normally (read) reads all the Harry Potter books, but right now I (think) think he (read) is reading something else.

19. It is strange that people     (take) take some movies so seriously.

20. What (your brother, do) does your brother do for a living? - Well he is a market consultant.

XIII. Complete the sentence using the verbs in the box in the correct form.

enjoy   prefer   play   work   seem   know   interview   wait   talk   finish

1. I always play badminton on Saturdays.

2. She is finishing her report now. She will bring it into the office when it is complete.

3. My parents phoned me this morning. They are enjoying themselves in Hawaii.

4. We prefer to entertain our guests in a local restaurant rather than the canteen. Although it is expensive, we can talk freely there.

5. I know the answer to your problem. Get a new computer.

6. “Where is Tim?” – “He is waiting for an important telephone call in his office.”

7. I can’t make the meeting tomorrow. I am interviewing the applicants for the sales manager’s job.

8. My brother  works for a company which makes bathroom fittings.

9. Who is talking to John? Is it the new secretary?

10. The new contract seems fine to me. However, could you just check it through once more?

XIV. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form (present simple or present continuous).

Next week, my friends and I (1. go) are going camping in the woods. I (2. organize) am organizing the food, because I (3. like) like cooking. Tom (4. have) has a big car with a trailer, so he (5. plan) is planning the transportation. Sam (6. bring) is bringing the tent. He (7. go) goes camping every year, so he (8. have) has a great tent and lots of other equipment. My wife (9. think) thinks we’re crazy. She likes holidays in comfortable hotels, so she (10. take) is taking a trip to Paris instead.